CAJ | 학술논문

宋代书铺大致有刊书售书、专门从事社会服务型及兼及二者三类。它萌芽于唐代中后期,至迟在北宋仁宗庆历时已形成规模,北宋末年已出现专门从事社会服务的书铺。书铺（指专门从事社会服务者）不是法定的国家机构,而是凭藉某种资格在民众、政府及民众与政府之间开展业务,获取薪酬的民间组织,并不是＂公证机构＂。书铺的出现及其发展,揭示了中国传统的社会结构在唐宋之际发生了变化。换言之,唐宋之际在原有的社会结构中出现了居中协调、处理官民及他们之间利益的民间组织,而书铺就是它们中的突出代表者。而这些社会组织的存在及其发展,不仅是唐宋之际社会变迁的体现,更是宋代社会显著进步的重要表征。
송대서포대치유간서수서、전문종사사회복무형급겸급이자삼류。타맹아우당대중후기,지지재북송인종경력시이형성규모,북송말년이출현전문종사사회복무적서포。서포（지전문종사사회복무자）불시법정적국가궤구,이시빙자모충자격재민음、정부급민음여정부지간개전업무,획취신수적민간조직,병불시＂공증궤구＂。서포적출현급기발전,게시료중국전통적사회결구재당송지제발생료변화。환언지,당송지제재원유적사회결구중출현료거중협조、처리관민급타문지간이익적민간조직,이서포취시타문중적돌출대표자。이저사사회조직적존재급기발전,불부시당송지제사회변천적체현,경시송대사회현저진보적중요표정。
There were three types of bookstores in the Song dynasty,among which one sold books,one did social services,and the other both sold books and did social services.They originated in the Tang dynasty,became more important in 1041-1048 A.D.in Northern Song dynasty,and were engaged in social service in Late Northern Song dynasty.The bookstores which provide social services is not a legal state institution or notary organ but a kind of non-governmental organizations that have its business between the public and government.The existence and development of bookstores reveal the change of traditional Chinese social patterns happened in the Tang and Song dynasties.In other words,there appeared non-governmental organizations negotiating between the government and the public.Bookstores are just among those organizations.The development of these organizations not only embodied great change from the Tang dynasty to the Song dynasty,but also was an important social progress happening in the Song dynasty.