CAJ | 학술논문

创新已成为当今世界各国的重要国策,为指导国家创新政策制定和评价实施效果,各国均加强了科技创新评价指标体系建设。自20世纪50年代以来,在美国国会的授权下,美国国家科学基金会（NSF）就通过其下属的美国国家科学与工程统计中心（NCSES）及其前身围绕美国研发支出、科学和工程领域的就业培训以及美国科学技术状况等定期提出科学、技术和创新（STI）指标制定或更新的对策措施,并在2013年底发布了最新的美国STI指标研究报告。系统分析了美国的STI指标体系,对美国STI指标的内涵、改进后新STI指标体系的特点以及NCSES的STI指标完善途径与步骤等进行归纳分析,最后结合我国国情提出了对我国科技创新评价指标体系制定的启示。
창신이성위당금세계각국적중요국책,위지도국가창신정책제정화평개실시효과,각국균가강료과기창신평개지표체계건설。자20세기50년대이래,재미국국회적수권하,미국국가과학기금회（NSF）취통과기하속적미국국가과학여공정통계중심（NCSES）급기전신위요미국연발지출、과학화공정영역적취업배훈이급미국과학기술상황등정기제출과학、기술화창신（STI）지표제정혹경신적대책조시,병재2013년저발포료최신적미국STI지표연구보고。계통분석료미국적STI지표체계,대미국STI지표적내함、개진후신STI지표체계적특점이급NCSES적STI지표완선도경여보취등진행귀납분석,최후결합아국국정제출료대아국과기창신평개지표체계제정적계시。
Since the 1950s, under congressional mandate, the U.S. National Science Foundation （NSF）- through its Na- tional Center for Science and Engineering Statistics （NCSES） and predecessor agencies--has produced regularly updated measures of R~D expenditures, employment and training in science and engineering, and other indicators of the state of U.S. science and technology. A more recent focus has been on measuring innovation in the corporate sector. NCSES col- lects its own data on STI activities and also incorporates data from other agencies to produce indicators that are used for monitoring purposes--including comparisons among sectors, regions, and with other countries--and for identifying trends that may require policy attention and generate research needs. NCSES also provides extensive tabulations and micro--data files for in-depth analysis. Further affording both challenge and opportunity is the emergence of new types of information with which to track innovation, R＆D, and the STEM workforce.