清华大学教育研究
清華大學教育研究
청화대학교육연구
Research on Education Tsinghua University
2015年
4期
10~16
,共null页
高等学校 管理决策 票决制 议决制
高等學校 管理決策 票決製 議決製
고등학교 관리결책 표결제 의결제
higher learning institution; decision making; voting mechanism; centralized decision mechanism
票决制和议决制是高等学校管理决策的两种主要方式。票决制是参与表决者一人一票,每票价值与作用相同,根据票数多少或得分高低作出决定。议决制是在进行酝酿讨论的基础上,会议主持者或者负责人对决策议题拥有最终决定权,进行最终决策,并对决策结果负有最高或主要责任。两种决策方式具有各自的优势,并在高等学校的管理实践中获得了重要的实际应用,结合目前高校管理决策实际和已颁布的大学章程文本,合理运用票决制和议决制,需要在以下方面改进:加强制度设计,完善法律法规,进一步明确学校内部治理结构与决策机制;科学选择票决成员,精心设计票决规则,提高票决的有效性与科学化水平;提高决策者素质,完善激励约束机制,充分发挥“议决制”的优势。
票決製和議決製是高等學校管理決策的兩種主要方式。票決製是參與錶決者一人一票,每票價值與作用相同,根據票數多少或得分高低作齣決定。議決製是在進行醞釀討論的基礎上,會議主持者或者負責人對決策議題擁有最終決定權,進行最終決策,併對決策結果負有最高或主要責任。兩種決策方式具有各自的優勢,併在高等學校的管理實踐中穫得瞭重要的實際應用,結閤目前高校管理決策實際和已頒佈的大學章程文本,閤理運用票決製和議決製,需要在以下方麵改進:加彊製度設計,完善法律法規,進一步明確學校內部治理結構與決策機製;科學選擇票決成員,精心設計票決規則,提高票決的有效性與科學化水平;提高決策者素質,完善激勵約束機製,充分髮揮“議決製”的優勢。
표결제화의결제시고등학교관리결책적량충주요방식。표결제시삼여표결자일인일표,매표개치여작용상동,근거표수다소혹득분고저작출결정。의결제시재진행온양토론적기출상,회의주지자혹자부책인대결책의제옹유최종결정권,진행최종결책,병대결책결과부유최고혹주요책임。량충결책방식구유각자적우세,병재고등학교적관리실천중획득료중요적실제응용,결합목전고교관리결책실제화이반포적대학장정문본,합리운용표결제화의결제,수요재이하방면개진:가강제도설계,완선법율법규,진일보명학학교내부치리결구여결책궤제;과학선택표결성원,정심설계표결규칙,제고표결적유효성여과학화수평;제고결책자소질,완선격려약속궤제,충분발휘“의결제”적우세。
Voting and centralized decision are two major mechanisms for making management decisions in higher learning institutions. With the voting mechanism, each person has one vote with the same weight, and decisions are made based on the number of votes. With the centralized decision mechanism, the presiding officer or the person in charge has the final say in decision making and has the highest or main responsibility for decision consequences. The two mechanisms each have their own ad- vantages, disadvantages and applicable conditions, and have important practical applications in the management of higher learning institutions. There exist problems with both mechanisms in the imple- mentation process and the following improvements are suggested: strengthening the system design, im- proving the relevant laws and regulations, and further clarifying the internal governance structure and decision-making mechanism; choosing voters rationally, designing voting rules carefully, and enhancing the validity of the ballot; improving the quality of decision makers, perfecting the incentive and con- straint system, and taking full advantage of the centralized decision mechanism.