心理科学
心理科學
심이과학
Psychological Science
2015年
4期
905~910
,共null页
严进 楼春华 Alexander Unger
嚴進 樓春華 Alexander Unger
엄진 루춘화 Alexander Unger
时间距离 未来结果考虑 伦理判断
時間距離 未來結果攷慮 倫理判斷
시간거리 미래결과고필 윤리판단
temporal distance;consideration for future consequence;ethical judgment;
本文从识解水平理论角度研究问题表征对伦理判断的影响。本文推断,事件的时间距离使得人们更容易形成高识解表征,能更好地辨别决策困境中的伦理原则;未来结果考虑特征高的管理者更关注决策的长期后果,也倾向于维护伦理原则。研究用两个实验递进验证了假设。139位大学生被试参加了实验一,结果支持了假设;实验二采用92位MBA学生的样本重复检验结论,并进一步验证了未来结果考虑如何调节影响时间距离与伦理判断之间的关系。
本文從識解水平理論角度研究問題錶徵對倫理判斷的影響。本文推斷,事件的時間距離使得人們更容易形成高識解錶徵,能更好地辨彆決策睏境中的倫理原則;未來結果攷慮特徵高的管理者更關註決策的長期後果,也傾嚮于維護倫理原則。研究用兩箇實驗遞進驗證瞭假設。139位大學生被試參加瞭實驗一,結果支持瞭假設;實驗二採用92位MBA學生的樣本重複檢驗結論,併進一步驗證瞭未來結果攷慮如何調節影響時間距離與倫理判斷之間的關繫。
본문종식해수평이론각도연구문제표정대윤리판단적영향。본문추단,사건적시간거리사득인문경용역형성고식해표정,능경호지변별결책곤경중적윤리원칙;미래결과고필특정고적관리자경관주결책적장기후과,야경향우유호윤리원칙。연구용량개실험체진험증료가설。139위대학생피시삼가료실험일,결과지지료가설;실험이채용92위MBA학생적양본중복검험결론,병진일보험증료미래결과고필여하조절영향시간거리여윤리판단지간적관계。
Business ethics has given rise to much public attention in recent years. Previous research into behavioral ethics has demonstrated that individuals’ ethical decisions will be a combined result of dispositional factors, social influences and situational interactions. From the perspective of social cognition, construal level theory claims that people are likely to make different behavioral choices if they represent the ethical scenarios at different construal levels. Specifically, when people represent the scenarios at high construal level, they probably take the primary, global and superordinate features into consideration. In contrast, when they represent the scenarios at low construal level, they are more likely to consider the secondary, local and subordinate features. The far temporal distance of scenarios is connected to high construal levels. , Ethical judgment, which is defined as awareness of vice and virtue in a scenario, is linked to a representation of high construal level. Given the theoretical logic above, we hypothesized that a far temporal distance of a moral complex will enhance the ethical judgment of a decision-maker. In the current work, two experiments were conducted to test our hypothesis. In Study 1, we embedded the temporal distance in three ethical judgment scenarios by the temporal conditions of “two days ago” versus “two years ago”, with 139 college students being involved in the experiment. The results of repeated-measure ANOVA have shown that the effects of temporal distance were significant; F(1, 127)=5.69, p=0.02, η2=0.04. The subjects perceived the unethical behaviors in a far temporal distance as more unacceptable. In Study 2, apart from the manipulation of temporal distance, we introduced the dispositional variable, namely, consideration of future consequences. 92 MBA students participated in the experiment, filling in the CFC scale before the judgments of four ethical scenarios were made. The repeated measure ANOVA results have shown that the effect of the temporal distance was significant, F(1, 88)= 8.65, p=0.00, η2= 0.09; the effects of the CFC feature was also significant, F(1, 88)=7.33, p=0.01, η2= 0.08; and further the interaction term has shown a significant influence, F(1, 88)=4.44, p=0.038, η2= 0.048. Our hypothesis was confirmed by the results of these two experiments. Our empirical evidences have shown that temporal distance would exert an influence on the decision makers by increasing their moral awareness. A far temporal distance would help individuals to represent an ethical complexity at a high construal level and then make more rigorous decisions. The dispositional feature of far-sight would also serve as a moderator in relation to the prediction. Our research contributed to ethical decision-making literature from the perspective of construal level theory. We firstly introduced dispositional variables besides social cognitive factors in moral decision representations, which suggested that dispositional differences could serve as another factor influencing ethical complex cognition. We also offer suggestion that other dimensions of psychological distance might serve as preconditions of construal levels, which could be explored and discovered in future research. Two experiments were conducted to test our hypothesis. In Study 1, we embedded the temporal distance in 3 ethical judgment scenarios by the temporal condition of “two days ago” versus “two years ago”. 139 college students joined the experiment. The results of repeated-measure ANOVA showed that the effects of temporal distance were significant; F(1, 127)=5.69, p=0.02, η2=0.04. The subjects considered the unethical behaviors in a far temporal distance as more unacceptable. In Study 2, we introduced the dispositional variable of consideration of future consequences besides the manipulation of temporal distance. 92 MBA students participated in the experiment. The subjects filled in the CFC scale before the judgments of 4 ethical scenarios were made. The repeated measure ANOVA results showed that the effect of the temporal distance was significant, F(1, 88)= 8.65, p=0.00, η2= 0.09; the effects of the CFC feature was also significant, F(1, 88)=7.33, p=0.01, η2= 0.08; and the interaction term also showed a significant influence, F(1, 88)=4.44, p=0.038, η2= 0.048. The results of the two experiments confirmed our hypothesis. Our results showed that temporal distance would enhance the decision makers by increasing their moral awareness. A far temporal distance would help people to represent an ethical complexity from a high level construal, and then make more rigorous decisions. The dispositional feature of far-sight would also serve as a moderator in relation to the prediction. Our research contributed to ethical decision-making literature from the perspective of construal level theory. We firstly introduced dispositional variables besides social cognitive factors in moral decision representations. It suggested that dispositional differences could serve as another factor influencing ethical complex cognition. We also suggested that other dimensions of psychological distance might serve as preconditions of construal levels which could be discovered in future research. Two experiments were conducted to test our hypothesis. In Study 1, we embedded the temporal distance in 3 ethical judgment scenarios by the temporal condition of “two days ago” versus “two years ago”. 139 college students joined the experiment. The results of repeated-measure ANOVA showed that the effects of temporal distance were significant; F(1, 127)=5.690, p=0.019, η2=0.043. The subjects considered the unethical behaviors in a far temporal distance as more unacceptable. In Study 2, we introduced the dispositional variable of consideration of future consequences besides the manipulation of temporal distance. 92 MBA students participated in the experiment. The subjects filled in the CFC scale before the judgments of 4 ethical scenarios were made. The repeated measure ANOVA results showed that the effect of the temporal distance was significant, F(1, 88)= 8.650, p=0.004, η2= 0.089; the effects of the CFC feature was also significant, F(1, 88)=7.329, p=0.008, η2= 0.077; and the interaction term also showed a significant influence, F(1, 88)=4.444, p=0.038, η2= 0.048. The results of the two experiments confirmed our hypothesis. Our results showed that temporal distance would enhance the decision makers by increasing their moral awareness. A far temporal distance would help people to represent an ethical complexity from a high level construal], and then make more rigorous decisions. The dispositional feature of far-sight would also serve as a moderator in relation to the prediction. Our research contributed to ethical decision-making literature from the perspective of construal level theory. We firstly introduced dispositional variables besides social cognitive factors in moral decision representations. It suggested that dispositional differences could serve as another factor influencing ethical complex cognition. We also suggested that other dimensions of psychological distance might serve as preconditions of construal levels which could be discovered in future research.