CAJ | 학술논문

采用Maslach工作倦怠量表（MBI-GS）对263名企业员工一年内的三个等距时间点（T1，T2，T3）的工作倦怠进行测量，纵向研究中国文化背景下工作倦怠的发展规律，并比较工作倦怠发展的六种因果模型。研究结果表明，去人性化影响成就感降低，且这种影响具有跨时间一致性；但是情绪衰竭和去人性化相互影响的跨时间一致性较低，T1情绪衰竭影响T2去人性化，但是T2情绪衰竭对T3去人性化的影响不显著；T1去人性化对T2情绪衰竭的影响不显著，但是T2去人性化影响T3情绪衰竭。研究结果表明，去人性化在工作倦怠的发展中具有非常重要的作用。
채용Maslach공작권태량표（MBI-GS）대263명기업원공일년내적삼개등거시간점（T1，T2，T3）적공작권태진행측량，종향연구중국문화배경하공작권태적발전규률，병비교공작권태발전적륙충인과모형。연구결과표명，거인성화영향성취감강저，차저충영향구유과시간일치성；단시정서쇠갈화거인성화상호영향적과시간일치성교저，T1정서쇠갈영향T2거인성화，단시T2정서쇠갈대T3거인성화적영향불현저；T1거인성화대T2정서쇠갈적영향불현저，단시T2거인성화영향T3정서쇠갈。연구결과표명，거인성화재공작권태적발전중구유비상중요적작용。
Job burnout is a three-dimensional syndrome in response to chronic work-related stressors, including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. It is clear that a good understanding of the developmental process of burnout could facilitate its early recognition and intervention. Several models have been proposed for the development of burnout, among which the Leiter’s model （1988）, Golembiewski’s model （1996）, Lee’s model （1993）, van Dierendonck’s model （2001）, and Taris’ model （2005） are most influential. However, there is a conceptual reason for not accepting these models, as it is remarkable that none of the these models so far explicitly treats depersonalization as a coping strategy. We argue that depersonalization is a dysfunctional coping strategy, thereby leading to an increased emotional exhaustion and decreased personal accomplishment. Thus it seems that the developmental models for the causal effects among the three burnout dimensions should be extended to include the effects of depersonalization on the emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment. Based on the theoretical and empirical evidence, we propose a new developmental model of burnout that explicitly includes the path from depersonalization to emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment.The primary purpose of this study is to compare the six developmental models of burnout, including the Leiter’s model, Golembiewski’s model, Lee’s model, van Dierendonck’s model and Taris’ model and the model proposed in this study. In this study, we conducted a full panel design with three waves in 263 participants, and burnout was measured by means of the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory （MBI）. The final sample consists of 263 participants with an average age of 34.67 years, including 44% males and 56% females. The preliminary analysis shows that the attrition of participants is at random, thus it will not affect the validity of the results. Structural equation modeling analysis shows that T1 emotional exhaustion affects T2 depersonalization （=0.12）; T2 depersonalization affects T3 emotional exhaustion （=0.11）; depersonalization affects reduced personal accomplishment at both T2 （=0.17） and T3 （=0.20）. The present longitudinal study confirms that depersonalization plays an important role in the development of burnout.To our knowledge, the present research is the first to provide reliable longitudinal evidence for the conceptualization of burnout as a developmental process in Chinese participants. It has been suggested that the psychological withdrawal in the form of depersonalization is a dysfunctional coping strategy. This study extends and enhances current knowledge about the development of burnout in several respects, and we also believe that the findings have important implications for the preventive interventions with regard to burnout.