CAJ | 학술논문

以西北地区18个行政村的实地调研资料为基础,解释村委会选举的变迁：政府征收农业税、收费加重了农户的负担,严厉的计划生育政策也对农民传统的生育观念发出了挑战,地方政府为了使这些与农民利益相悖的政策目标顺利实现,需要在村庄里树立强有力的代理人,村庄的权威政治形成,村委会选举形同虚设;在取消农业税、改变人口政策、农民权利和法律意识觉醒等村庄选举的内外环境变化后,县乡政府没有动力再在村庄中树立代理人,对村委会选举的立场和态度产生变化;农民合作社作为蕴育在环境变化中的行动者有充分的动机和能力参与到村委会选举中,成为推动村庄民主政治的新兴力量,权威政治在较为规范的选举中没落。
이서북지구18개행정촌적실지조연자료위기출,해석촌위회선거적변천：정부정수농업세、수비가중료농호적부담,엄려적계화생육정책야대농민전통적생육관념발출료도전,지방정부위료사저사여농민이익상패적정책목표순리실현,수요재촌장리수립강유력적대리인,촌장적권위정치형성,촌위회선거형동허설;재취소농업세、개변인구정책、농민권리화법률의식각성등촌장선거적내외배경변화후,현향정부몰유동력재재촌장중수립대리인,대촌위회선거적립장화태도산생변화;농민합작사작위온육재배경변화중적행동자유충분적동궤화능력삼여도촌위회선거중,성위추동촌장민주정치적신흥역량,권위정치재교위규범적선거중몰락。
The article explains the changes of the village using analytical paradigm of historical institutionalism based on the field survey data from 18 administrative villages in the northwest region of China：The government increased the burden of peasants by collecting agricultural tax and charging a variety of fees. Strict family planning policy also put a challenge to peasants＇ traditional concept of family. The local government set powerful agents in the villages in order to make the policies contrary to peasants＇ interests to be carried out smoothly. Then it formed authoritative politics in the village and the village committee election existed nominally. With the internal and external environment changes of village election such as the cancellation of agricultural tax,the change of population policy as well as the awakening of peasants＇ rights and legal consciousness,there is no motivation for county government continually setting up the agent in the villages. The county government transformed its position and attitude to the village committee election. Peasant cooperatives have sufficient motivation and ability to participate in the election of village committee as actor in the environmental changes,consequently become the emerging force in promoting village democracy. As a result,authoritative politics declined in more normative election.