CAJ | 학술논문

就士人群体生存之道而言,不仅仅受其社会经历、知识结构、生存环境等影响,还基于传统道德原则、明清社会变迁及区域社会环境等作出适应性选择。山东士人群体也在上述诸种因素综合影响之下,其生存之道展现出多样性。有些士人坚守忠孝仁义之理念,不向权贵低头;有些士人则舍弃道德原则,选择寄生性的生活;还有些士人不满足于现实生活的羁绊,崇尚自然,追求朴真,以隐逸来摆脱尘世的浊与俗。凡此诸种适应性选择,均是处于不同层次之士不同价值观念的体现。但是,仁义礼智信作为士人传统价值观,依然构成其生存之道的主流,并与其他非主流观念不断整合并完善。
취사인군체생존지도이언,불부부수기사회경력、지식결구、생존배경등영향,환기우전통도덕원칙、명청사회변천급구역사회배경등작출괄응성선택。산동사인군체야재상술제충인소종합영향지하,기생존지도전현출다양성。유사사인견수충효인의지이념,불향권귀저두;유사사인칙사기도덕원칙,선택기생성적생활;환유사사인불만족우현실생활적기반,숭상자연,추구박진,이은일래파탈진세적탁여속。범차제충괄응성선택,균시처우불동층차지사불동개치관념적체현。단시,인의례지신작위사인전통개치관,의연구성기생존지도적주류,병여기타비주류관념불단정합병완선。
For the purposes of survival,not only by their social experience,knowledge structure,living environment and other effects,the scholars also based on the traditional moral principles,social change and regional social environment to make adaptive choices during Ming and Qing Dynasties.Under the combined effect of the above factors,the principle of the survival show diversity.Some scholars adhered to the concept of the loyalism,filial piety,benevolence and righteousness and did not bow to the powerful.Some scholars then abandoned moral principles and selected parasitic life.Other scholars did not meet the fetters in real life and respected for nature.In the pursuit of truth and rid of earthly vulgarity they chose seclusion.All those adaptation options were reflected in the different values at different levels of the scholars.However,wisdom and faith as the traditional values,still constituted the mainstream of its survival,and other non-mainstream values continued to integrate and improve.