西部论坛
西部論罈
서부론단
West Forum
2015年
4期
1~10
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工业化阶段 工业反哺农业 工农产品价格剪刀差 农业税 财政农业支出 城乡二元结构 城市支持农村 霍利斯·钱纳里模型 工农关系 城乡关系
工業化階段 工業反哺農業 工農產品價格剪刀差 農業稅 財政農業支齣 城鄉二元結構 城市支持農村 霍利斯·錢納裏模型 工農關繫 城鄉關繫
공업화계단 공업반포농업 공농산품개격전도차 농업세 재정농업지출 성향이원결구 성시지지농촌 곽리사·전납리모형 공농관계 성향관계
the stages of industrialization; industry nurturing agriculture; price scissors between industrial product and agricultural product; agriculture tax; financial expenditure on agriculture; urban-rural dual structure; city supporting countryside; Chenery H.B Model; relations between city and countryside; relations between industry and agriculture
工业反哺农业并不必然发生在工业化的后期,世界上大多数国家在工业化中期就开始调整工农关系,实行工业反哺农业的政策。依据修正后的霍利斯·钱纳里模型来判断,我国大约在20世纪90年代末进入工业化中期,目前处于从工业化中期向后期的过渡时期;根据工业反哺农业是政府对农业＂予大于取＂的界定以及＂取＂＂予＂的强制性,对工农产品价格剪刀差、农业税和财政农业支出进行比较后发现,我国工业反哺农业起始于工业化中期的21世纪初,最晚不过2004年。先行工业化国家一般是在城市化率接近或超过50%、农业就业比重下降到45%以下时实行工业反哺农业的;而我国是在农业就业比重为46.9%、城市化率为41.76%时开始工业反哺农业的,反映出就业结构转换和城市化的滞后。因此,还应加快建立以城带乡、以工促农的体制、机制,促进新型城乡关系、工农关系的形成。
工業反哺農業併不必然髮生在工業化的後期,世界上大多數國傢在工業化中期就開始調整工農關繫,實行工業反哺農業的政策。依據脩正後的霍利斯·錢納裏模型來判斷,我國大約在20世紀90年代末進入工業化中期,目前處于從工業化中期嚮後期的過渡時期;根據工業反哺農業是政府對農業＂予大于取＂的界定以及＂取＂＂予＂的彊製性,對工農產品價格剪刀差、農業稅和財政農業支齣進行比較後髮現,我國工業反哺農業起始于工業化中期的21世紀初,最晚不過2004年。先行工業化國傢一般是在城市化率接近或超過50%、農業就業比重下降到45%以下時實行工業反哺農業的;而我國是在農業就業比重為46.9%、城市化率為41.76%時開始工業反哺農業的,反映齣就業結構轉換和城市化的滯後。因此,還應加快建立以城帶鄉、以工促農的體製、機製,促進新型城鄉關繫、工農關繫的形成。
공업반포농업병불필연발생재공업화적후기,세계상대다수국가재공업화중기취개시조정공농관계,실행공업반포농업적정책。의거수정후적곽리사·전납리모형래판단,아국대약재20세기90년대말진입공업화중기,목전처우종공업화중기향후기적과도시기;근거공업반포농업시정부대농업＂여대우취＂적계정이급＂취＂＂여＂적강제성,대공농산품개격전도차、농업세화재정농업지출진행비교후발현,아국공업반포농업기시우공업화중기적21세기초,최만불과2004년。선행공업화국가일반시재성시화솔접근혹초과50%、농업취업비중하강도45%이하시실행공업반포농업적;이아국시재농업취업비중위46.9%、성시화솔위41.76%시개시공업반포농업적,반영출취업결구전환화성시화적체후。인차,환응가쾌건립이성대향、이공촉농적체제、궤제,촉진신형성향관계、공농관계적형성。
Industry nurturing agriculture does not necessarily occur in the late industrialization,and most countries in the world begin to adjust the relations between industry and agriculture and carry out industry nurturing agriculture policy in the middle of industrialization. According to Chenery H. B Model revised,China goes into the middle stage of industrialization at the end of the 90＇s in the 20 th Century and now it is the transition period from mid-industrialization to late-industrialization. Industry nurturing agriculture means that what government gives to agriculture is more than that it takes from agriculture,and what it takes is mandatory. Comparing price scissors between industrial product and agricultural product,agricultural tax and financial expenditure on agriculture,it is found that industry nurturing agriculture in China occurs in the early 20 th Century no later than 2004. Industry nurturing agriculture in precedent industrialized countries begins under the condition that urbanization rate approximates or is more than 50% and agricultural employment proportion drops to less than 45%. However,industry nurturing agriculture in China begins under the situation that agricultural employment proportion is 46.9%and urbanization rate is 41. 76%, which reflects the transform of employment structure and the lag of urbanization. Therefore,the system and mechanism of promoting the countryside by cities and agriculture by industry should be established rapidly to form new relations between city and countryside,industry and agriculture.
