CAJ | 학술논문

对于20世纪90年代中期以来中国劳动报酬份额下降的问题,目前的研究多从宏观层面进行分析。基于劳动力市场和产品市场同时均衡条件下劳动报酬份额的决定机制,在一个将资本-产出比、技术进步、FDI、进出口贸易等关键变量内生化的联立方程模型中进行三阶段最小二乘估计,可从微观角度分析中国劳动报酬份额下降的成因。研究发现,居民在劳动力市场上因整体谈判力下降以及在产品市场上因面对价格加成而导致的福利损失,可能超过了企业因利润增加而惠及员工的收益。这些效应因经济全球化趋势下,收入分配中向资方倾斜而被进一步强化,最终导致劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重和居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重下降。进一步检验发现,劳动力市场分割、垄断行业与非垄断行业分化、宏观税负过高以及两头在外的加工贸易和FDI,均不利于劳动报酬份额的提高。
대우20세기90년대중기이래중국노동보수빈액하강적문제,목전적연구다종굉관층면진행분석。기우노동력시장화산품시장동시균형조건하노동보수빈액적결정궤제,재일개장자본-산출비、기술진보、FDI、진출구무역등관건변량내생화적련립방정모형중진행삼계단최소이승고계,가종미관각도분석중국노동보수빈액하강적성인。연구발현,거민재노동력시장상인정체담판력하강이급재산품시장상인면대개격가성이도치적복리손실,가능초과료기업인리윤증가이혜급원공적수익。저사효응인경제전구화추세하,수입분배중향자방경사이피진일보강화,최종도치노동보수재초차분배중적비중화거민수입재국민수입분배중적비중하강。진일보검험발현,노동력시장분할、롱단행업여비롱단행업분화、굉관세부과고이급량두재외적가공무역화FDI,균불리우노동보수빈액적제고。
Most studies of the proportional decrease in remunerations for Chinese workers that has occurred since the mid-1990 s have approached the problem at the macro-level. This study looks into the mechanism for determining the proportion of remunerations for workers in the context of simultaneous equilibrium between the labor market and the product market. It is an investigation at the micro-level into various factors for the proportional decrease in remunerations for Chinese workers by 3SLS,a method of estimation using a simultaneous equations model which includes such endogenous variables as capital-output ratio,technical progress,FDI and foreign trade. It reveals that residents＇ welfare loss,due to an overall decrease of their bargaining power in the labor market and the price markup in the product market,probably exceeds the benefits that enterprises give their workers owing to profit increases. Such effects have been strengthened due to inclination of income distribution towards employers in the context of economic globalization,resulting in proportional decreases of remunerations in the primary distribution as well as in proportional decreases of residents＇ income in the national income distribution. Further tests reveal that labor market segmentation,polarization across monopoly and non-monopoly industries,excessive macro-tax burdens,processing trade in which China benefits from the middle phase only,and FDI,are all unfavorable factors for proportional increases of remunerations for Chinese workers.