CAJ | 학술논문

城乡教育均衡发展的关键是师资配置的均衡。我国义务教育师资城乡均衡配置政策经过初步确立之后，逐步形成了政策体系，包括增量配置、存量调整、质量提升三个方面的核心规定。分别选取数量、质量指标，对义务教育师资城乡均衡配置政策进行评估发现，城乡教师数量差距改善微弱、结构差距依然明显，质量差距呈现恶化态势，政策执行失真问题严重。政策失真的根本原因在于义务教育管理体制机制的障碍以及由此导致的制度约束。完善政策亟须加强战略谋划，创新教师待遇保障体制，加大特殊地区教师岗位津补贴力度，科学修订城乡教师编制标准，优化制度环境。
성향교육균형발전적관건시사자배치적균형。아국의무교육사자성향균형배치정책경과초보학립지후，축보형성료정책체계，포괄증량배치、존량조정、질량제승삼개방면적핵심규정。분별선취수량、질량지표，대의무교육사자성향균형배치정책진행평고발현，성향교사수량차거개선미약、결구차거의연명현，질량차거정현악화태세，정책집행실진문제엄중。정책실진적근본원인재우의무교육관리체제궤제적장애이급유차도치적제도약속。완선정책극수가강전략모화，창신교사대우보장체제，가대특수지구교사강위진보첩력도，과학수정성향교사편제표준，우화제도배경。
The key to urban and rural education balanced development is balanced allocation of teaching staff in China. After preliminary establishment, the balanced allocation policy of compulsory education teaching staff in urban and rural areas in China has gradually formed policy system which consists of three aspects of core rules including incremental allocation, stock adjustment and quality promotion. With quantity and quality indicators, the balanced allocation policy of compulsory education teaching staff in urban and rural areas is evaluated. The results show that teaching staff quantity gap in urban and rural areas has been barely improved, structure gap is still obvious, quality gap is deteriorating, and the policy is seriously distorted in the process of implementation. Root causes of policy distortion are the barrier of compulsory education managerial systems and mechanisms, and the resulting institutional constraints. To promote balanced development of urban and rural education, the following measures are urgently needed ： to strengthen strategic planning, innovate teacher treatment security system, increase the special area of the post allowance for teachers, scientifically revise institution establishment standards for urban and rural teaching staff, and optimize the institutional environment.