CAJ | 학술논문

1937年日本发动全面侵华战争，中国东中部地区相继沦陷，西南地区成为中国坚持抗战和实现民族复兴的战略基地。抗战前，西南地区由于政治的、经济的、历史的和地理的多种因素，经济发展相对缓慢，特别是现代工商业远落后于东中部地区。国民政府在抗战前和战争爆发后，对发展西南经济采取了一系列措施，促进了东中部现代工业企业大规模向西南地区转移，使西南地区主要城市的现代工业出现长足进步。抗战时期西南地区城市经济的发展分为两个阶段：第一阶段为抗战爆发至太平洋战争之前，主要是外部经济要素大量涌入西南地区，使西南主要城市的现代工业出现跨越式发展，初步形成了以重工业和军事工业为重点，以机器制造、冶炼、电器、电力、化工、军工等为支柱，包括纺织、食品、印刷等上百个行业在内，工业门类比较齐全、产品种类比较丰富、基本能够自给的较为完整的工业体系。同时金融业和商业也出现繁荣景象，金融业的发展主要表现在银行的增多，资本的扩大和业务的拓展；商业的发展表现为行业和企业增多，经营规模扩大，特别是国营商业大发展。从太平洋战争爆发到抗战胜利为第二阶段，主要特征是通货膨胀空前高涨，物价直线上升，导致金融业和商业投机畸形繁荣，国营工商业在政府的支持下出现较大的发展，但民营工商业却日渐萎缩。总体来看，战时西南城市经济有较大发展，从而为坚持抗战创造了一定条件。
1937년일본발동전면침화전쟁，중국동중부지구상계륜함，서남지구성위중국견지항전화실현민족복흥적전략기지。항전전，서남지구유우정치적、경제적、역사적화지리적다충인소，경제발전상대완만，특별시현대공상업원락후우동중부지구。국민정부재항전전화전쟁폭발후，대발전서남경제채취료일계렬조시，촉진료동중부현대공업기업대규모향서남지구전이，사서남지구주요성시적현대공업출현장족진보。항전시기서남지구성시경제적발전분위량개계단：제일계단위항전폭발지태평양전쟁지전，주요시외부경제요소대량용입서남지구，사서남주요성시적현대공업출현과월식발전，초보형성료이중공업화군사공업위중점，이궤기제조、야련、전기、전력、화공、군공등위지주，포괄방직、식품、인쇄등상백개행업재내，공업문류비교제전、산품충류비교봉부、기본능구자급적교위완정적공업체계。동시금융업화상업야출현번영경상，금융업적발전주요표현재은행적증다，자본적확대화업무적탁전；상업적발전표현위행업화기업증다，경영규모확대，특별시국영상업대발전。종태평양전쟁폭발도항전성리위제이계단，주요특정시통화팽창공전고창，물개직선상승，도치금융업화상업투궤기형번영，국영공상업재정부적지지하출현교대적발전，단민영공상업각일점위축。총체래간，전시서남성시경제유교대발전，종이위견지항전창조료일정조건。
In 1937, Japan launched the Full-scale war of invading China. The eastern and central parts of China have been successively enemy-occupied, and the southwest region turned into the strategic base for the persistence of the war and the realization of national rejuvenation. Before and during the war, the nationalist government has adopted a series of measures to develop the economy of southwest region. These measures have promoted the modern industries and enterprises in east-central area to move into southwest China on large scale, which has made great progress to the modern industry of major cities in southwest region. The development of urban economy in southwest China during the period of the War of Resistance against Japan could be divided into two stages. The first stage was from the outbreak of the war to the Pacific war. In this stage, the external economic elements flooded into the southwest region in large numbers, which led a leap development of modern industry in major cities in the southwest area. The second stage was from the Pacific war to the victory of the war. The main characteristic of this stage was the unprecedented upsurge of inflation and the straight rise of the price, which led to the abnormal prosperity of financial and commercial speculation. On the whole, the economy of southwestern cities has developed greatly during the wartime, which has created a certain condition to keep on resistance against Japan.