CAJ | 학술논문

中国应急管理体系存在着应急主体单一、权责匹配失当、法律位阶过低等问题,原因在于体系的动力结构失衡. 厘清"一案三制"的内涵、功能及相互作用关系,分析美国和中国应急管理体系的动力结构特征:美国属法制驱动模式,社会广泛参与,体系较完备,操作性强,调整及时但易过度,动力传导效率较低;中国属体制驱动模式,政府高度集权,动力传导效率高,但体系不完备,操作性较差,调整滞后. 结合中国应急管理所面临的理论预设更新、执政方式转变、社会结构变革、社会风险加剧等新态势,秉承多元治理理念,以制度创新为核心,从主体关系、制度规范、协同机制、文化培育等方面,提出中国应急管理体系的模式重构策略.
중국응급관리체계존재착응급주체단일、권책필배실당、법률위계과저등문제,원인재우체계적동력결구실형. 전청"일안삼제"적내함、공능급상호작용관계,분석미국화중국응급관리체계적동력결구특정:미국속법제구동모식,사회엄범삼여,체계교완비,조작성강,조정급시단역과도,동력전도효솔교저;중국속체제구동모식,정부고도집권,동력전도효솔고,단체계불완비,조작성교차,조정체후. 결합중국응급관리소면림적이론예설경신、집정방식전변、사회결구변혁、사회풍험가극등신태세,병승다원치리이념,이제도창신위핵심,종주체관계、제도규범、협동궤제、문화배육등방면,제출중국응급관리체계적모식중구책략.
There are several problems including government's sole discretion and matching misconduct of rights and responsibilities and a low level of legal hierarchy in China's emergency management system as a result of unbalance of the dynamical structure. This paper analyzes connotation, function and action mechanism of one-plan-three-system first. Then features of the emergency management system of United States and China were discussed respectively. The former in terms of legal driving has wider social participation, a more sophisticated system, better operability and higher level of agility, but inefficiency in power transmission. However, the latter in terms of institutional driving stands on the opposite position. Considering the changes of theoretical precondition, ruling mode, social structure and social risks faced by emergency managers in China, emergency management system can be reconstruction from the aspects of organization relationship, system specification, synergy mechanism and cultural cultivation adhering to the concept multi-governance.