在国家能源局和吉林省能源局共同支持下,吉林长春积极探索秸秆禁烧与秸秆能源化利用的模式,通过"易货合同模式"发展秸颗秆粒成型燃料,有效解决了秸秆禁烧、农民用能问题,同时还改善农村生活环境,为当地农民提供了就业机会,值得有条件的地区学习借鉴. 通过对吉林长春秸秆能源化利用的调研发现,用"易货合同模式"发展秸秆颗粒成型燃料,可以调动政府、企业和农民三方共同发展秸秆新能源的积极性. 该模式的优点主要有以下三个方面:第一,较好地解决了生物质发电和传统颗粒燃料发展中的秸秆收集瓶颈问题,企业秸秆原料有保障,降低了企业经营风险并持续获得稳定收益;第二,农民利用自己家废弃的玉米秸秆,不花钱就能用上清洁、高效的生物质能源,改变了农村传统的用能方式;第三,在发展秸秆新能源的同时,增加了当地就业,解决秸秆焚烧的难题. 该模式之所以有上述优势,是因为在易货合同新能源发展模式的设计时,以"易货"为纽带,将解决农民用能问题与新能源产业稳定发展结合起来,将解决秸秆禁烧问题与秸秆能源化利用结合起来,将解决秸秆收集问题与秸秆成型颗粒燃料市场开拓结合起来,有效调动秸秆成型燃料产业链条上各利益主体的积极性. 易货合同模式发展新能源存在亟需解决的问题:第一,在我国农村能源贫困问题依然存在的大背景下,缺乏针对解决农村用能问题的秸秆能源化利用政策,吉林长春的秸秆能源化利用的易货合同模式属于探索,需要更高层面的肯定和支持;第二,农民生活能源消费支出习惯不利于秸秆能源化利用;第三,"易货"秸秆颗粒燃料发展模式尚处初期探索阶段,缺少行业标准、扶持政策不到位,生产企业装备的技术含量不高,多数生产企业规模小,产业链条不完整,可持续发展能力弱. 用"易货合同模式"发展秸秆颗粒成型燃料新能源,有可能成为我国部分地区改变农民以柴草为主要炊事取暖能源现状的有效手段,是农村秸秆大规模能源化的途径之一. 为此建议:第一,在重点地区开展"易货合同模式"发展生物质颗粒燃料的试点工作,探索一条将农民用能、秸秆能源化利用与秸秆禁烧有机结合起来的新能源发展之路;第二,建议农业部设立国家"农村能源贫困扶助基金"和"农村秸秆能源化利用基金",重点支持农业省区和农村能源贫困地区发展秸秆颗粒燃料;第三,积极鼓励探索适合农林废弃物能源化利用的各种发展模式.
在國傢能源跼和吉林省能源跼共同支持下,吉林長春積極探索秸稈禁燒與秸稈能源化利用的模式,通過"易貨閤同模式"髮展秸顆稈粒成型燃料,有效解決瞭秸稈禁燒、農民用能問題,同時還改善農村生活環境,為噹地農民提供瞭就業機會,值得有條件的地區學習藉鑒. 通過對吉林長春秸稈能源化利用的調研髮現,用"易貨閤同模式"髮展秸稈顆粒成型燃料,可以調動政府、企業和農民三方共同髮展秸稈新能源的積極性. 該模式的優點主要有以下三箇方麵:第一,較好地解決瞭生物質髮電和傳統顆粒燃料髮展中的秸稈收集瓶頸問題,企業秸稈原料有保障,降低瞭企業經營風險併持續穫得穩定收益;第二,農民利用自己傢廢棄的玉米秸稈,不花錢就能用上清潔、高效的生物質能源,改變瞭農村傳統的用能方式;第三,在髮展秸稈新能源的同時,增加瞭噹地就業,解決秸稈焚燒的難題. 該模式之所以有上述優勢,是因為在易貨閤同新能源髮展模式的設計時,以"易貨"為紐帶,將解決農民用能問題與新能源產業穩定髮展結閤起來,將解決秸稈禁燒問題與秸稈能源化利用結閤起來,將解決秸稈收集問題與秸稈成型顆粒燃料市場開拓結閤起來,有效調動秸稈成型燃料產業鏈條上各利益主體的積極性. 易貨閤同模式髮展新能源存在亟需解決的問題:第一,在我國農村能源貧睏問題依然存在的大揹景下,缺乏針對解決農村用能問題的秸稈能源化利用政策,吉林長春的秸稈能源化利用的易貨閤同模式屬于探索,需要更高層麵的肯定和支持;第二,農民生活能源消費支齣習慣不利于秸稈能源化利用;第三,"易貨"秸稈顆粒燃料髮展模式尚處初期探索階段,缺少行業標準、扶持政策不到位,生產企業裝備的技術含量不高,多數生產企業規模小,產業鏈條不完整,可持續髮展能力弱. 用"易貨閤同模式"髮展秸稈顆粒成型燃料新能源,有可能成為我國部分地區改變農民以柴草為主要炊事取暖能源現狀的有效手段,是農村秸稈大規模能源化的途徑之一. 為此建議:第一,在重點地區開展"易貨閤同模式"髮展生物質顆粒燃料的試點工作,探索一條將農民用能、秸稈能源化利用與秸稈禁燒有機結閤起來的新能源髮展之路;第二,建議農業部設立國傢"農村能源貧睏扶助基金"和"農村秸稈能源化利用基金",重點支持農業省區和農村能源貧睏地區髮展秸稈顆粒燃料;第三,積極鼓勵探索適閤農林廢棄物能源化利用的各種髮展模式.
재국가능원국화길림성능원국공동지지하,길림장춘적겁탐색갈간금소여갈간능원화이용적모식,통과"역화합동모식"발전갈과간립성형연료,유효해결료갈간금소、농민용능문제,동시환개선농촌생활배경,위당지농민제공료취업궤회,치득유조건적지구학습차감. 통과대길림장춘갈간능원화이용적조연발현,용"역화합동모식"발전갈간과립성형연료,가이조동정부、기업화농민삼방공동발전갈간신능원적적겁성. 해모식적우점주요유이하삼개방면:제일,교호지해결료생물질발전화전통과립연료발전중적갈간수집병경문제,기업갈간원료유보장,강저료기업경영풍험병지속획득은정수익;제이,농민이용자기가폐기적옥미갈간,불화전취능용상청길、고효적생물질능원,개변료농촌전통적용능방식;제삼,재발전갈간신능원적동시,증가료당지취업,해결갈간분소적난제. 해모식지소이유상술우세,시인위재역화합동신능원발전모식적설계시,이"역화"위뉴대,장해결농민용능문제여신능원산업은정발전결합기래,장해결갈간금소문제여갈간능원화이용결합기래,장해결갈간수집문제여갈간성형과립연료시장개탁결합기래,유효조동갈간성형연료산업련조상각이익주체적적겁성. 역화합동모식발전신능원존재극수해결적문제:제일,재아국농촌능원빈곤문제의연존재적대배경하,결핍침대해결농촌용능문제적갈간능원화이용정책,길림장춘적갈간능원화이용적역화합동모식속우탐색,수요경고층면적긍정화지지;제이,농민생활능원소비지출습관불리우갈간능원화이용;제삼,"역화"갈간과립연료발전모식상처초기탐색계단,결소행업표준、부지정책불도위,생산기업장비적기술함량불고,다수생산기업규모소,산업련조불완정,가지속발전능력약. 용"역화합동모식"발전갈간과립성형연료신능원,유가능성위아국부분지구개변농민이시초위주요취사취난능원현상적유효수단,시농촌갈간대규모능원화적도경지일. 위차건의:제일,재중점지구개전"역화합동모식"발전생물질과립연료적시점공작,탐색일조장농민용능、갈간능원화이용여갈간금소유궤결합기래적신능원발전지로;제이,건의농업부설입국가"농촌능원빈곤부조기금"화"농촌갈간능원화이용기금",중점지지농업성구화농촌능원빈곤지구발전갈간과립연료;제삼,적겁고려탐색괄합농림폐기물능원화이용적각충발전모식.
Under the support of National Energy Administration and the Energy Administration of Jilin Province, Changchun in Jilin Province actively explore the mode of crop-stalks energy utilization of barter contract, a new model of crop stalks energy utilization, show a favorable economic and social value in the crop stalks burning ban, substitution of coal, settlement of farmers' winter heating issue, improvement of rural living environment, job creation of farmers and any other aspects. It can be observed from the survey on the utilization of crop stalks through barter contract in Changchun: as an approach to develop renewable energy sources ( biomass pellet fuel) , the signing of the barter contract contributes to the combination of the settlement of energy shortage in rural areas and steady development of renewable energy, is conducive to the link of prohibition of straw burning and utilization biomass pellet fuel and the link between collecting of the crop straws and market development of biomass pellet fuel. It can also motivate the government, enterprises and farmers to develop the use of renewable energy hence. It is a better solution to the difficulty in crop straws collecting for biomass power generation and conventional pellet bio-fuels development. Meanwhile, the farmers can use clean and efficient biomass energy without any cost;the companies can reduce the business risk and achieve stable income and durative growth;the aims of the renewable energy development, job creation and straw burning problems have been achieved. The development of biomass pellet bio-fuels through the signing of barter contract can effectively change the traditional way of cooking and heating by burning straw so as to achieve a large-scale use of biomass energy. The problems in the development of crop stalks pellet fuel ( CSPF ) as follows: Firstly, from the investigation, we found that, under a large background that still existing poverty of rural energy in China, our country ' s energy utilization policy of crop stalks take the problem of farmers' energy utilization less into consideration. Secondly, farmers' living energy consumption habit is not conducive to the crop stalks energy utilization. Thirdly, the development mode of CSPF through 'barter contract model' is still in the early stage of exploration, the government' s lack of the industry standards, policy support is not in the right place, the equipments' technical level is not high in production enterprises, and so on. Suggestions is as follows: At the first place, developing experimental work on BPF through'barter contract model' and exploring a renewable energy development road that can organically combine farmers' energy utilization, crop stalks energy utilization and crop stalks burning ban. At the second place, we suggest the Ministry of Agriculture establishing national Rural Energy Poverty Aid Fund and Rural Crop Stalks Energy Utilization Fund, aiming to focusing on supporting the development of CSPF in agricultural provinces and rural energy poverty area. The last but not the least, we actively encourage to do exploration of energy utilization models of agricultural and forestry wastes in different forms.
