CAJ | 학술논문

庄子的技术思想是其哲学思想的重要组成部分，它可以归纳为三个方面：一是作为判断标准的“道”。一方面，“道”是天地万物之根本，万物得道而生，技术的存在依赖于道；另一方面，“道”是天地万物之本性，万物遵道而行，技术的存在受制于道。二是具有人性内涵的“技”，主要是人的自我之性的技术。它是背离自然本性之道，过分追求物质利益的技术异化，因造成了人与人关系的破坏、人与自然的对立和“人为物役”负面影响而被庄子所批判。三是富有精神价值的“艺”。它不仅是能够给予观者以精神享受和生之感悟的艺术表演，还是游刃有余的精神境界，也是通达“道”的高超之“技”，其价值在于弥补“技”在精神方面的缺失，消解“技”的负面影响，从而使人的自然本性复归。庄子对人为之“技”和“艺”的论述并没有改变“道”与“技”在其本原性上的对立，构建乌托邦式的“至德之世”既不现实，也不是庄子技术思想的根本目的。庄子技术思想的根本目的是“天人合一”，是从“技”到“艺”的理性回归，即把终极层面上的“道”植于现实世界之中，与人、与社会、与自然相结合形成一种天人合一的技艺。这样，它不但解决了人与自然的关系问题，实现了天与人的和谐发展，而且使人类自身得以完善。
장자적기술사상시기철학사상적중요조성부분，타가이귀납위삼개방면：일시작위판단표준적“도”。일방면，“도”시천지만물지근본，만물득도이생，기술적존재의뢰우도；령일방면，“도”시천지만물지본성，만물준도이행，기술적존재수제우도。이시구유인성내함적“기”，주요시인적자아지성적기술。타시배리자연본성지도，과분추구물질이익적기술이화，인조성료인여인관계적파배、인여자연적대립화“인위물역”부면영향이피장자소비판。삼시부유정신개치적“예”。타불부시능구급여관자이정신향수화생지감오적예술표연，환시유인유여적정신경계，야시통체“도”적고초지“기”，기개치재우미보“기”재정신방면적결실，소해“기”적부면영향，종이사인적자연본성복귀。장자대인위지“기”화“예”적논술병몰유개변“도”여“기”재기본원성상적대립，구건오탁방식적“지덕지세”기불현실，야불시장자기술사상적근본목적。장자기술사상적근본목적시“천인합일”，시종“기”도“예”적이성회귀，즉파종겁층면상적“도”식우현실세계지중，여인、여사회、여자연상결합형성일충천인합일적기예。저양，타불단해결료인여자연적관계문제，실현료천여인적화해발전，이차사인류자신득이완선。
Chuang?Tzu??s thoughts on technology, an important part of his philosophy, can be summed up in three aspects. First,“Tao”is a criterion for judgment. On the one hand,“Tao”, as the root of the universe, generates all things, and the existence of the technology depends on“Tao”. On the other hand,“Tao”is the nature of the universe, and all things follow principles of“Tao”,so does technology. Second,“technology”has connotations of human nature. It deviates from the“Tao”of the nature. The technology alienation characterized by the excessive pursuit of material interests results in the destruction of international relations. Chuang?Tzu criticized the opposition between human and nature as well as the negative impact of the enslaving force of material pursuit. Third,“art”contains spiritual value. It is wide spiritual realm as well as artistic performance providing people with mental enjoyment and reflections on lives.“Art”, the advanced version of“technology”with access to“Tao”, arouses human nature when making up for the deficiency of“technology”in spirit and eliminating its negative impacts. Chuang?Tzu??s exposition on“technology”and“art”does not change the primitive confrontation between“Tao”and“technology”. Constructing a utopia“Perfect Virtue Society”is neither practical nor the fundamental purpose of Chuang?Tzu. The fundamental purpose of Chuang?Tzu??s thoughts on technology is to realize the“unity of man and nature”,a rational regression from“technology”to“art”, or to make the ultimate pursuit of“Tao”rooted in the real world and generate“technology”and“art”combined with man, society and nature characterized by“the unity of man and nature”. It can not only solve the problem of the relationship between man and nature, achieve the harmonious development of man and nature, but also improve the human beings.