气象与环境学报
氣象與環境學報
기상여배경학보
Journal of Meteorology and Environment
2015年
4期
42-50
,共9页
陈静%钤伟妙%韩军彩%王晓敏%徐曼
陳靜%鈐偉妙%韓軍綵%王曉敏%徐曼
진정%검위묘%한군채%왕효민%서만
天气形势%太行山地形%污染物输送%梯度观测
天氣形勢%太行山地形%汙染物輸送%梯度觀測
천기형세%태행산지형%오염물수송%제도관측
Weather situation%Taihang mountain terrain%Pollutants transport%Gradient observation
利用石家庄市气象观测资料和环境监测资料，重点分析了2013年石家庄市两次重污染天气过程前期 PM10及PM2.5污染物浓度快速升高的天气背景、气象要素、边界层特征和污染物输送后向轨迹，并利用20 m、86 m 和200 m 环境梯度观测资料探讨了 PM2.5浓度随高度的变化。结果表明：当高空环流较平直，低空850 hPa 为弱偏南风，地面处于入海变性高压后部和暖低压底部时，形成东南高、西北低的气压场，在此种天气类型（暖低压型）影响下，石家庄市夜间逆温层厚，风速小，不利于污染物扩散，造成污染物在本地累积。白天主导风向为南至东南风，中午前后风速较大（≥2 m·s －1），湿度小（平均相对湿度＜55％），周边污染物在地面及低空偏南风的作用下向石家庄市输送明显，污染物浓度随风速增大振荡上升，霾加重。太行山地形对污染物汇聚起重要作用，本地污染和周边污染叠加，导致石家庄市污染物浓度升高较快，AQI 在24 h 内上升幅度可达100以上，导致重度或严重污染发生。梯度观测表明，在重污染期间石家庄市污染层较厚，上层（200 m）PM2.5浓度高于下层（20 m），在暖低压天气背景下此现象更明显，说明上层 PM2.5污染不仅来源于本地污染，外来输送也起一定作用。
利用石傢莊市氣象觀測資料和環境鑑測資料，重點分析瞭2013年石傢莊市兩次重汙染天氣過程前期 PM10及PM2.5汙染物濃度快速升高的天氣揹景、氣象要素、邊界層特徵和汙染物輸送後嚮軌跡，併利用20 m、86 m 和200 m 環境梯度觀測資料探討瞭 PM2.5濃度隨高度的變化。結果錶明：噹高空環流較平直，低空850 hPa 為弱偏南風，地麵處于入海變性高壓後部和暖低壓底部時，形成東南高、西北低的氣壓場，在此種天氣類型（暖低壓型）影響下，石傢莊市夜間逆溫層厚，風速小，不利于汙染物擴散，造成汙染物在本地纍積。白天主導風嚮為南至東南風，中午前後風速較大（≥2 m·s －1），濕度小（平均相對濕度＜55％），週邊汙染物在地麵及低空偏南風的作用下嚮石傢莊市輸送明顯，汙染物濃度隨風速增大振盪上升，霾加重。太行山地形對汙染物彙聚起重要作用，本地汙染和週邊汙染疊加，導緻石傢莊市汙染物濃度升高較快，AQI 在24 h 內上升幅度可達100以上，導緻重度或嚴重汙染髮生。梯度觀測錶明，在重汙染期間石傢莊市汙染層較厚，上層（200 m）PM2.5濃度高于下層（20 m），在暖低壓天氣揹景下此現象更明顯，說明上層 PM2.5汙染不僅來源于本地汙染，外來輸送也起一定作用。
이용석가장시기상관측자료화배경감측자료，중점분석료2013년석가장시량차중오염천기과정전기 PM10급PM2.5오염물농도쾌속승고적천기배경、기상요소、변계층특정화오염물수송후향궤적，병이용20 m、86 m 화200 m 배경제도관측자료탐토료 PM2.5농도수고도적변화。결과표명：당고공배류교평직，저공850 hPa 위약편남풍，지면처우입해변성고압후부화난저압저부시，형성동남고、서북저적기압장，재차충천기류형（난저압형）영향하，석가장시야간역온층후，풍속소，불리우오염물확산，조성오염물재본지루적。백천주도풍향위남지동남풍，중오전후풍속교대（≥2 m·s －1），습도소（평균상대습도＜55％），주변오염물재지면급저공편남풍적작용하향석가장시수송명현，오염물농도수풍속증대진탕상승，매가중。태행산지형대오염물회취기중요작용，본지오염화주변오염첩가，도치석가장시오염물농도승고교쾌，AQI 재24 h 내상승폭도가체100이상，도치중도혹엄중오염발생。제도관측표명，재중오염기간석가장시오염층교후，상층（200 m）PM2.5농도고우하층（20 m），재난저압천기배경하차현상경명현，설명상층 PM2.5오염불부래원우본지오염，외래수송야기일정작용。
PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations rose rapidly before two heavy air pollution events in 2013 in Shiji-azhuang,so corresponding weather situation,meteorological elements,boundary layer characteristics and pollutant transport backward trajectory were analyzed based on the meteorological data and environmental monitoring data. At the same time,vertical variation of PM2.5 concentration was discussed combining environmental gradient data at 20 m,86 m and 200 m.The results indicate that when upper air circulation is flat and south wind is weak at 850 hPa as well as the surface is located in the back of seaside denaturalization high-pressure and the bottom of warm low-pressure,surface pressure field is high in southeast and low in northwest.This weather situation is de-fined as warm low pattern.Under this situation,inversion layer is thick in night in Shijiazhuang,and wind speed is small,which is not favorable to diffusion of the pollutants.Thus,it leads to pollutants accumulation in the local are-a.On the other hand,the dominant wind direction is south to southeast in daytime;wind speed is large (≥2 m·s -1 );relative humidity is small (average relative humidity <55%)around noon.The surrounding pollu-tants are transferred obviously to Shijiazhuang with the ground and low-level south wind.The concentrations of pollutants shake up with increase of wind speed and haze aggravates.Terrain of Taihang mountain also plays an important role for pollutants gathering.The local and surrounding pollutants together result in rapid rise of pollu-tants concentrations.Even increasing amplitude of AQI reaches 100 within 24 hours,and then the heavy or serious pollution occurs.Gradient observations show that the pollution layer is thick and PM2.5 concentration is larger at upper layer (200 m)than at surface layer (20 m)during the heavy pollution period.It is distinct under the warm low pattern condition.Therefore,it suggests that upper PM2.5 not only comes from local emission,but also from surrounding transport.
