CAJ | 학술논문

放射治疗是生物医学中治疗恶性肿瘤的一种重要手段。放射治疗采用高剂量、高穿透性的 X 射线、γ射线以及电子光子束辐照癌变的肿瘤细胞，通过破坏其脱氧核糖核酸(Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA)而将其杀死或破坏。但是，较高的放射剂量和较长的治疗时间会对生命体产生极大的生物毒性。为降低放射治疗的生物毒性，减弱放射治疗带来的副作用，靶向放射治疗成为放射治疗研究的热点。纳米金颗粒具备优异的辐射敏化性质和光学性质，同时兼具良好的生物相容性，因此纳米金协助的放射治疗迅速成为靶向治疗的重要发展方向。在体外以及前临床试验中，基于纳米金的多功能纳米体系，有效提高了肿瘤治愈率、降低了毒副作用并延长了病人的存活时间。本文总结了在靶向治疗中多功能纳米金体系的设计思路，重点综述了纳米金体系在体外实验及前临床实验中实际应用效果，并对其发展方向进行了展望。
방사치료시생물의학중치료악성종류적일충중요수단。방사치료채용고제량、고천투성적 X 사선、γ사선이급전자광자속복조암변적종류세포，통과파배기탈양핵당핵산(Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA)이장기살사혹파배。단시，교고적방사제량화교장적치료시간회대생명체산생겁대적생물독성。위강저방사치료적생물독성，감약방사치료대래적부작용，파향방사치료성위방사치료연구적열점。납미금과립구비우이적복사민화성질화광학성질，동시겸구량호적생물상용성，인차납미금협조적방사치료신속성위파향치료적중요발전방향。재체외이급전림상시험중，기우납미금적다공능납미체계，유효제고료종류치유솔、강저료독부작용병연장료병인적존활시간。본문총결료재파향치료중다공능납미금체계적설계사로，중점종술료납미금체계재체외실험급전림상실험중실제응용효과，병대기발전방향진행료전망。
Background: Radiation therapy (RT) is a major part of the treatment of cancer and other tumor diseases by using penetrability radiation, such as X-ray, γ -ray. RT works by directly damaging the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of tumor cells or indirectly creating charged particles (free radicals) within the cells, which can in turn damage DNA. As RT focused at the tumor tissue and provided a much larger absorbed dose than that in the surrounding healthy tissue, its side effect is much lighter than chemotherapy. Purpose: To destroy the whole of disease cells with minimal damage to the surrounding normal cells, which is the ultimate goal of RT, target-RT modalities have been developed. Methods: Owing to its excellent optical properties, Gold nanoparticle has drawn much attention. It has been proved that Gold nanoparticle is a good radiosensitizer of transferring keV energy radiation to micrometer-range photo-/Auger electrons. Recent development of nanotechnology has provided great opportunities for developing new RT modalities to enhance RT therapeutic efficacy by using gold nanoparticles. Results: A lot of multi-function nanoparticle systems have been designed to enhance RT therapeutic efficiency. Conclusion: Gold nanoparticles assisted target-RT has achieved greater therapeutic efficiency with less side effects and longer live time.