林业科学
林業科學
임업과학
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
2015年
8期
33-43
,共11页
郭学民%刘建珍%翟江涛%肖啸%吕亚媚%李丹丹%裴士美%张立彬
郭學民%劉建珍%翟江濤%肖嘯%呂亞媚%李丹丹%裴士美%張立彬
곽학민%류건진%적강도%초소%려아미%리단단%배사미%장립빈
桃%叶片解剖结构%抗寒性%综合评价
桃%葉片解剖結構%抗寒性%綜閤評價
도%협편해부결구%항한성%종합평개
peach%leaf anatomical structure%cold resistance%comprehensive evaluation
【目的】探讨桃叶片解剖结构与树干抗寒性的关系，为桃抗寒品种选育、引种栽培及栽培区划分提供理论依据。【方法】以16个品种桃为试材，结合树干抗寒性的野外实地调查，采用印迹法和石蜡切片技术，测定13项叶片解剖结构指标，应用变异系数、相关分析和聚类分析对叶片解剖结构指标进行筛选，采用隶属函数对各品种的抗寒性进行综合评价。【结果】1)桃叶片为典型的异面叶，表皮毛无，表皮细胞垂周壁略呈波浪状，气孔为无规则形，仅分布于下表皮，栅栏组织细胞2～3层，在品种之间13项解剖结构指标差异达到极显著水平(P＜0.01)；2)叶片厚度、单位面积气孔总周长、栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度和主脉木质部面积是影响抗寒性的主要叶片解剖结构指标，而上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、组织结构紧密度、组织结构疏松度、木质部面积/维管束面积比率、气孔密度和气孔周长与果树抗寒性关系不大；3)16个品种桃抗寒性存在明显差异，其强弱排序为：珲春＞瑞光27号＞迎雪＞早霞露＞农字6号＞早春＞晚西妃＞大久保＞朝晖＞袖珍早蟠＞早花露＞花玉露＞华玉＞迎霜＞中华寿桃＞21世纪；4)16个品种桃抗寒性类型可划分为5类：珲春、瑞光27号和迎雪为高抗寒类型，早霞露和农字6号为抗寒类型，早春、晚西妃、大久保、朝晖和袖珍早蟠为中抗寒类型，早花露、花玉露、华玉和迎霜为低抗寒类型，中华寿桃和21世纪为不抗寒类型；5)根据叶片结构特性的统计评价，所得出的抗寒性类型划分与野外实地调查结果一致。【结论】影响树干抗寒性的主要叶片解剖结构指标是叶片厚度、单位面积气孔总周长、栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度和主脉木质部面积，这4项指标的差异在一定程度上可以反映不同品种桃干抗寒性的变化；但是要准确评价桃的抗寒性，还需参考抗寒的生理生化指标、田间受害情况及受害后恢复状况等加以综合考虑。
【目的】探討桃葉片解剖結構與樹榦抗寒性的關繫，為桃抗寒品種選育、引種栽培及栽培區劃分提供理論依據。【方法】以16箇品種桃為試材，結閤樹榦抗寒性的野外實地調查，採用印跡法和石蠟切片技術，測定13項葉片解剖結構指標，應用變異繫數、相關分析和聚類分析對葉片解剖結構指標進行篩選，採用隸屬函數對各品種的抗寒性進行綜閤評價。【結果】1)桃葉片為典型的異麵葉，錶皮毛無，錶皮細胞垂週壁略呈波浪狀，氣孔為無規則形，僅分佈于下錶皮，柵欄組織細胞2～3層，在品種之間13項解剖結構指標差異達到極顯著水平(P＜0.01)；2)葉片厚度、單位麵積氣孔總週長、柵欄組織厚度/海綿組織厚度和主脈木質部麵積是影響抗寒性的主要葉片解剖結構指標，而上錶皮厚度、下錶皮厚度、柵欄組織厚度、海綿組織厚度、組織結構緊密度、組織結構疏鬆度、木質部麵積/維管束麵積比率、氣孔密度和氣孔週長與果樹抗寒性關繫不大；3)16箇品種桃抗寒性存在明顯差異，其彊弱排序為：琿春＞瑞光27號＞迎雪＞早霞露＞農字6號＞早春＞晚西妃＞大久保＞朝暉＞袖珍早蟠＞早花露＞花玉露＞華玉＞迎霜＞中華壽桃＞21世紀；4)16箇品種桃抗寒性類型可劃分為5類：琿春、瑞光27號和迎雪為高抗寒類型，早霞露和農字6號為抗寒類型，早春、晚西妃、大久保、朝暉和袖珍早蟠為中抗寒類型，早花露、花玉露、華玉和迎霜為低抗寒類型，中華壽桃和21世紀為不抗寒類型；5)根據葉片結構特性的統計評價，所得齣的抗寒性類型劃分與野外實地調查結果一緻。【結論】影響樹榦抗寒性的主要葉片解剖結構指標是葉片厚度、單位麵積氣孔總週長、柵欄組織厚度/海綿組織厚度和主脈木質部麵積，這4項指標的差異在一定程度上可以反映不同品種桃榦抗寒性的變化；但是要準確評價桃的抗寒性，還需參攷抗寒的生理生化指標、田間受害情況及受害後恢複狀況等加以綜閤攷慮。
【목적】탐토도협편해부결구여수간항한성적관계，위도항한품충선육、인충재배급재배구화분제공이론의거。【방법】이16개품충도위시재，결합수간항한성적야외실지조사，채용인적법화석사절편기술，측정13항협편해부결구지표，응용변이계수、상관분석화취류분석대협편해부결구지표진행사선，채용대속함수대각품충적항한성진행종합평개。【결과】1)도협편위전형적이면협，표피모무，표피세포수주벽략정파랑상，기공위무규칙형，부분포우하표피，책란조직세포2～3층，재품충지간13항해부결구지표차이체도겁현저수평(P＜0.01)；2)협편후도、단위면적기공총주장、책란조직후도/해면조직후도화주맥목질부면적시영향항한성적주요협편해부결구지표，이상표피후도、하표피후도、책란조직후도、해면조직후도、조직결구긴밀도、조직결구소송도、목질부면적/유관속면적비솔、기공밀도화기공주장여과수항한성관계불대；3)16개품충도항한성존재명현차이，기강약배서위：혼춘＞서광27호＞영설＞조하로＞농자6호＞조춘＞만서비＞대구보＞조휘＞수진조반＞조화로＞화옥로＞화옥＞영상＞중화수도＞21세기；4)16개품충도항한성류형가화분위5류：혼춘、서광27호화영설위고항한류형，조하로화농자6호위항한류형，조춘、만서비、대구보、조휘화수진조반위중항한류형，조화로、화옥로、화옥화영상위저항한류형，중화수도화21세기위불항한류형；5)근거협편결구특성적통계평개，소득출적항한성류형화분여야외실지조사결과일치。【결론】영향수간항한성적주요협편해부결구지표시협편후도、단위면적기공총주장、책란조직후도/해면조직후도화주맥목질부면적，저4항지표적차이재일정정도상가이반영불동품충도간항한성적변화；단시요준학평개도적항한성，환수삼고항한적생리생화지표、전간수해정황급수해후회복상황등가이종합고필。
Objective]Leaves are photosynthetic organ of plants. Part of their photosynthetic products ( carbohydrates) is transported to the trunk through the phloem,and stored in parenchyma cells of the trunk. The accumulation of these endogenous carbohydrates may result in an increase in cold resistance in various higher plant species. Leaf structure affects its water retention,and hence affects the distribution pattern of carbohydrates in the trunk by affecting the photosynthetic rate. On the other hand the trunk is one of the most susceptible parts to low temperature. The relationship between peach leaf anatomical structure and cold resistance of the trunk was explored in this paper. [Method]In this study,13 anatomical structure indexes were measured on 16 peach cultivars by using blotting methods and paraffin section methods combined with a field investigation of cold resistance of the trunk. Leaf anatomical structure indexes were screened via coefficient of variation,analysis of correlation and hierarchical cluster analysis,and comprehensive evaluation on cold resistance for each cultivar was conducted by the subordinate function.[Result]1) Peach leaves were typical bifacial leaf without trichomes,and the epidermal anticlinal walls showed slightly sinuate. The stomata only distributed in the lower epidermis,and belonged to anomocytic type. The leaf had 2 - 3 layers of palisade tissue cells. The 13 anatomical structure indexes all reached to a significant level difference among the 16 cultivars (P<0. 01). 2) Leaf thickness,the total stomatal perimeter per unit area,the ratio of the palisade tissue to the spongy tissue,and midrib xylem area were the main factors related to the hardiness,while those indexes,such as thickness of upper epidermis,thickness of lower epidermis,thickness of palisade tissue,thickness of spongy tissue,tightness of leaf palisade tissue,palisade tissue and spongy tissue ratio,midrib xylem area and midrib vascular bundle area ratio,stomatal density and stomatal perimeter,did not showed much effect on cold resistance. 3 ) The cold resistance for the 16 cultivars was in order of Hunchun >Ruiguang No. 27 > Yingxue > Zaoxialu > Nongzi No. 6 > Zaochun > Wanxifei > Dajiubao > Zhaohui >Xiuzhenzaopan > Zaohualu > Huayulu > Huayu > Yingshuang > Chinese birthday peach > 21th century. 4 ) According to the cold hardiness,the cultivars could be divided into 5 groups: Hunchun,Ruiguang No. 27 and Yingxue with high cold resistance,Zaoxialu and Nongzi No. 6 with cold resistance,Zaochun,Wanxifei,Dajiubao,Zhaohui and Xiuzhenzaopan with medium cold resistance,Nongzi No. 6,Zaohualu,Huayulu,Huayu,and Yingshuang with lower tolerance,Chinese birthday peach and 21th century without cold resistance. 5) The result of cold resistance type division according to the statistical evaluation of the structural characteristics of the leaf was consistent with that of field investigation.[Conclusion]According to statistical analysis and field investigations,the main anatomical structure indexes affecting trunk cold resistance were leaf thickness,the total stomatal perimeter per unit area,the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue,and midrib xylem area,and the differences in these four indexes,to some extent,reflected the variation of cold resistance of tree trunk in 16 peach cultivars. However,the accurate hardiness evaluation of peach trees still needs to consider other factors,including some physiological and biochemical indicators of cold resistance,the harmfulness of peach trees,and the recovery state after being injured by low temperature.
