林业科学
林業科學
임업과학
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
2015年
8期
1-7
,共7页
张雷%于澎涛%王彦辉%王顺利%刘贤德
張雷%于澎濤%王彥輝%王順利%劉賢德
장뢰%우팽도%왕언휘%왕순리%류현덕
祁连山%青海云杉林%生物量%海拔%树木径级
祁連山%青海雲杉林%生物量%海拔%樹木徑級
기련산%청해운삼림%생물량%해발%수목경급
Botryosphaeria dothidea%Trichoderma aureoviride%Fusarium equiseti%biocontrol strains%inhibitory effect
【目的】研究祁连山区重要的水源涵养林———青海云杉林的生物量随海拔(2700~3300 m)的变化规律,为预测祁连山区的产水能力和实施黑河流域植被-水的综合管理提供科学依据。【方法】在祁连山中段北坡的排露沟小流域,沿海拔梯度,选取生长状况良好、具有代表性的林分布设样地,进行植被调查。在2700~2800,2800~2900,2900~3100和3100~3300 m 4个海拔区段共设置15块20 m ×20 m 样地。利用已有的青海云杉生物量估算方程,计算研究区森林生物量的平均值、各海拔区段内的森林生物量以及不同径级树木对总生物量的贡献量,据此分析森林生物量的大小及其随海拔变化规律的主要影响因素。【结果】研究区青海云杉林的生物量为(128.61±50.25) t·hm -2,中树(12.5 cm <DBH≤22.5 cm )和大树( DBH>22.5 cm)是森林生物量的主要来源,二者所占比例分别为44%和35%,小树(5 cm <DBH≤12.5 cm)的生物量较少,仅占21%。随海拔升高,青海云杉林生物量呈“单峰”变化,在海拔2700~2800 m为(135.43±21.25)t·hm -2,在海拔2800~2900 m达到最大为(152.33±73.01)t·hm -2,在海拔2900~3100 m为(124.28±39.54) t·hm -2,在海拔3100~3300 m最小为(100.48±65.69) t·hm -2。不同海拔区段内,森林生物量的主要来源不同,在海拔2700~2800 m,以中树生物量最多,为63.54 t·hm -2(占该海拔区段内森林生物量的48%);在海拔2800~2900 m,中树生物量继续增加,达到90.53 t·hm -2(占该海拔区段内森林生物量的59%),在海拔2900~3100 m,大树成为森林生物量的主要来源,其生物量为54.46 t·hm -2(占该海拔区段内森林生物量的45%);在海拔3100~3300 m,大树生物量继续增加,达到71.46 t·hm -2(占该海拔区段内森林生物量的71%)。与附近地区相比,研究区青海云杉林的生物量(128.61 t·hm -2)与祁连山哈溪林场(132.90 t·hm -2)、祁连山平均值(169.80 t·hm -2)和全国平均值(156.66 t·hm -2)相近,但比甘肃省肃南县(282.54 t·hm -2)、祁连山寺大隆林区(217.41 t·hm -2)和祁连山北坡山区的平均值(209.24 t·hm -2)小。【结论】林分密度、温度和降水共同决定了森林生物量的大小及其海拔变化规律,海拔2800~2900 m是本研究区青海云杉林生长的最适宜场所。
【目的】研究祁連山區重要的水源涵養林———青海雲杉林的生物量隨海拔(2700~3300 m)的變化規律,為預測祁連山區的產水能力和實施黑河流域植被-水的綜閤管理提供科學依據。【方法】在祁連山中段北坡的排露溝小流域,沿海拔梯度,選取生長狀況良好、具有代錶性的林分佈設樣地,進行植被調查。在2700~2800,2800~2900,2900~3100和3100~3300 m 4箇海拔區段共設置15塊20 m ×20 m 樣地。利用已有的青海雲杉生物量估算方程,計算研究區森林生物量的平均值、各海拔區段內的森林生物量以及不同徑級樹木對總生物量的貢獻量,據此分析森林生物量的大小及其隨海拔變化規律的主要影響因素。【結果】研究區青海雲杉林的生物量為(128.61±50.25) t·hm -2,中樹(12.5 cm <DBH≤22.5 cm )和大樹( DBH>22.5 cm)是森林生物量的主要來源,二者所佔比例分彆為44%和35%,小樹(5 cm <DBH≤12.5 cm)的生物量較少,僅佔21%。隨海拔升高,青海雲杉林生物量呈“單峰”變化,在海拔2700~2800 m為(135.43±21.25)t·hm -2,在海拔2800~2900 m達到最大為(152.33±73.01)t·hm -2,在海拔2900~3100 m為(124.28±39.54) t·hm -2,在海拔3100~3300 m最小為(100.48±65.69) t·hm -2。不同海拔區段內,森林生物量的主要來源不同,在海拔2700~2800 m,以中樹生物量最多,為63.54 t·hm -2(佔該海拔區段內森林生物量的48%);在海拔2800~2900 m,中樹生物量繼續增加,達到90.53 t·hm -2(佔該海拔區段內森林生物量的59%),在海拔2900~3100 m,大樹成為森林生物量的主要來源,其生物量為54.46 t·hm -2(佔該海拔區段內森林生物量的45%);在海拔3100~3300 m,大樹生物量繼續增加,達到71.46 t·hm -2(佔該海拔區段內森林生物量的71%)。與附近地區相比,研究區青海雲杉林的生物量(128.61 t·hm -2)與祁連山哈溪林場(132.90 t·hm -2)、祁連山平均值(169.80 t·hm -2)和全國平均值(156.66 t·hm -2)相近,但比甘肅省肅南縣(282.54 t·hm -2)、祁連山寺大隆林區(217.41 t·hm -2)和祁連山北坡山區的平均值(209.24 t·hm -2)小。【結論】林分密度、溫度和降水共同決定瞭森林生物量的大小及其海拔變化規律,海拔2800~2900 m是本研究區青海雲杉林生長的最適宜場所。
【목적】연구기련산구중요적수원함양림———청해운삼림적생물량수해발(2700~3300 m)적변화규률,위예측기련산구적산수능력화실시흑하류역식피-수적종합관리제공과학의거。【방법】재기련산중단북파적배로구소류역,연해발제도,선취생장상황량호、구유대표성적림분포설양지,진행식피조사。재2700~2800,2800~2900,2900~3100화3100~3300 m 4개해발구단공설치15괴20 m ×20 m 양지。이용이유적청해운삼생물량고산방정,계산연구구삼림생물량적평균치、각해발구단내적삼림생물량이급불동경급수목대총생물량적공헌량,거차분석삼림생물량적대소급기수해발변화규률적주요영향인소。【결과】연구구청해운삼림적생물량위(128.61±50.25) t·hm -2,중수(12.5 cm <DBH≤22.5 cm )화대수( DBH>22.5 cm)시삼림생물량적주요래원,이자소점비례분별위44%화35%,소수(5 cm <DBH≤12.5 cm)적생물량교소,부점21%。수해발승고,청해운삼림생물량정“단봉”변화,재해발2700~2800 m위(135.43±21.25)t·hm -2,재해발2800~2900 m체도최대위(152.33±73.01)t·hm -2,재해발2900~3100 m위(124.28±39.54) t·hm -2,재해발3100~3300 m최소위(100.48±65.69) t·hm -2。불동해발구단내,삼림생물량적주요래원불동,재해발2700~2800 m,이중수생물량최다,위63.54 t·hm -2(점해해발구단내삼림생물량적48%);재해발2800~2900 m,중수생물량계속증가,체도90.53 t·hm -2(점해해발구단내삼림생물량적59%),재해발2900~3100 m,대수성위삼림생물량적주요래원,기생물량위54.46 t·hm -2(점해해발구단내삼림생물량적45%);재해발3100~3300 m,대수생물량계속증가,체도71.46 t·hm -2(점해해발구단내삼림생물량적71%)。여부근지구상비,연구구청해운삼림적생물량(128.61 t·hm -2)여기련산합계림장(132.90 t·hm -2)、기련산평균치(169.80 t·hm -2)화전국평균치(156.66 t·hm -2)상근,단비감숙성숙남현(282.54 t·hm -2)、기련산사대륭림구(217.41 t·hm -2)화기련산북파산구적평균치(209.24 t·hm -2)소。【결론】림분밀도、온도화강수공동결정료삼림생물량적대소급기해발변화규률,해발2800~2900 m시본연구구청해운삼림생장적최괄의장소。
Objective]In this study, biomass changes in Qinghai spruce ( Picea crassifolia ) forests along an altitudinal gradient ( from 2 700 -3 300 m) were studied. The results will be helpful to the prediction of water yield in Qilian Mountains and the integrated management of vegetation,soil and water in Heihe Basin. [Method]In Pailugou small watershed,located in the middle section of the northern slope of Qilian Mountains,vegetation was investigated by setting up sample plots in selected representative stands with good growth along the altitude gradients. A total of 15 plots in a size of 20 m × 20 m were set up at the altitudes of 2 700 -2 800 ,2 800 -2 900 ,2 900 -3 100 ,and 3 100 -3 300 m. The forest biomass and its distribution among different size classes were calculated using the existing equations on the relationship among biomass,tree height and tree diameter on breast height ( DBH) ,which were built up for the study area. Key factors attributing to the forest biomass and its changes along the altitudinal increase were analyzed.[Result]The total biomass of Qinghai spruce forest was ( 128 . 61 ± 50 . 25 ) t·hm -2 ,which came from the middle-sized trees (12. 5 cm < DBH≤22. 5 cm) and the big trees (DBH > 22. 5 cm). The biomass of the middle-sized trees (12. 5 cm < DBH≤22. 5 cm) and the big trees (DBH >22. 5 cm) evenly accounted for 44% and 35% of total forest biomass,respectively. The contribution of saplings (5 cm < DBH < 12. 5 cm) to forest biomass was limited with the value of 21% of total forest biomass. Along the altitudinal increase,the total biomass of spruce forest showed an“unimodal”change,and peaked at the altitudes of 2 800 -2 900 m. The total biomass of spruce forest at the altitudes of 2 700 -2 800,2 800 -2 900,2 900 -3 100,and 3 100 -3 300 m were( 135. 43 ± 21. 25),(152. 33 ± 73 . 01 ) ,( 124 . 28 ± 39 . 54 ) ,and ( 100 . 48 ± 65 . 69 ) t·hm -2 ,respectively. Along the altitudinal increase,key contributors to forest biomass shifted among tree size classes. At the altitudes of 2 700 -2 800 m,middle tree size class was key contributor to the total biomass of spruce forest with the biomass of 63 . 54 t·hm -2 ,which accounted for 48% of the total forest biomass. At the altitudes of 2 800 -2 900 m,the biomass of middle-sized trees increased and reached 90. 53 t·hm -2 ( accounting for 59% of the total). Nevertheless,at the altitudes of 2 900 - 3 100 m,the key contributor to forest biomass shifted to big tree size class with a biomass of 54. 46 t·hm -2 ( 45% of the total) . At the altitudes of 3 100 -3 300 m,the biomass of big trees reached 71. 46 t·hm -2(71% of the total). The forest biomass (128. 61 t·hm -2) in the study area was close to that in Haxi Forest Farm of Qilian Mountains (132. 90 t·hm -2),the average biomass in Qilian Mountains (169. 80 t·hm -2) and the national average of forest biomass (156. 66 t·hm -2). However,it was less than the biomass of forests at Sunan County,Gansu Province (282. 54 t·hm -2),Sidalong Forest Farm of Qilian Mountains (217. 41 t·hm -2),and the average forest biomass of 209. 24 t·hm -2 at the northern slope of Qilian Mountains. [Conclusion]The change of forest biomass along altitudinal gradients strongly relies on stand density, temperature and precipitation. The altitudes of 2 800 -2 900 mis the most suitable area for Qinghai spruce forests in the study area.