CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】研究高台整地和苗木截干对水曲柳次生林下水曲柳栽植苗成活及生长的影响，以期解释低洼地带水曲柳次生纯林林下水曲柳天然更新不良的原因，为同样立地的水曲柳人工造林提供参考依据。【方法】在水曲柳典型分布区内选择生长在低洼且有季节性积水地段上的水曲柳次生纯林，采用两因素随机区组试验设计，在其林下进行高台整地(配合地被物去除处理，并设置未整地对照)，人工栽植水曲柳1年生苗(栽植后立即截干至8 cm高和未截干保持原15.8 cm平均高2种处理)，对苗木栽植后3个生长季内的成活和成长情况及栽植后第3年的地表水分与温度变化动态进行观察分析。【结果】1)配合死、活地被物去除处理的高台整地可以有效降低表层土壤含水量，且变化幅度明显降低；高台整地可增加生长季初期(5月)地表温度升幅、降低生长季末期(9月)地表温度降幅和生长季地表温度变幅，使地表温度趋于匀质化；2)高台整地可提高栽植苗木的成活率和保存率(未截干情况下，3个生长季分别比未整地高出7.17%，13.37%和15.56%)，降低栽植苗木的生长季死亡率(未截干情况下，3个生长季分别比未整地低100%，64.73%和20.89%)，提高栽植苗木的地径和苗高生长量(未截干情况下，3个生长季内地径和苗高生长量分别比未整地高出19.37%，27.13%和35.80%及100.53%，50.00%和64.17%)，增加苗木生物量和茎根生物量比值，增加苗木叶片的叶面积和数量；3)在高台整地情况下，截干处理对水曲柳苗成活没有显著影响，但截干处理成活率和高生长量小于未截干处理；未整地情况下，截干处理水曲柳苗成活率和保存率显著低于未截干处理，但对苗高生长量和地径生长量无显著影响；截干处理可增加水曲柳苗叶片的面积与数量，提高苗木根和叶生物量积累。【结论】土壤水热状况不良和地被物竞争是中下坡低洼地带水曲柳次生纯林林下水曲柳更新幼苗存活和生长差的重要原因，通过高台整地改善土壤水热状况、削弱地被物竞争，可以促进水曲柳栽植苗的存活和成长。【目的】研究高檯整地和苗木截榦對水麯柳次生林下水麯柳栽植苗成活及生長的影響，以期解釋低窪地帶水麯柳次生純林林下水麯柳天然更新不良的原因，為同樣立地的水麯柳人工造林提供參攷依據。【方法】在水麯柳典型分佈區內選擇生長在低窪且有季節性積水地段上的水麯柳次生純林，採用兩因素隨機區組試驗設計，在其林下進行高檯整地(配閤地被物去除處理，併設置未整地對照)，人工栽植水麯柳1年生苗(栽植後立即截榦至8 cm高和未截榦保持原15.8 cm平均高2種處理)，對苗木栽植後3箇生長季內的成活和成長情況及栽植後第3年的地錶水分與溫度變化動態進行觀察分析。【結果】1)配閤死、活地被物去除處理的高檯整地可以有效降低錶層土壤含水量，且變化幅度明顯降低；高檯整地可增加生長季初期(5月)地錶溫度升幅、降低生長季末期(9月)地錶溫度降幅和生長季地錶溫度變幅，使地錶溫度趨于勻質化；2)高檯整地可提高栽植苗木的成活率和保存率(未截榦情況下，3箇生長季分彆比未整地高齣7.17%，13.37%和15.56%)，降低栽植苗木的生長季死亡率(未截榦情況下，3箇生長季分彆比未整地低100%，64.73%和20.89%)，提高栽植苗木的地徑和苗高生長量(未截榦情況下，3箇生長季內地徑和苗高生長量分彆比未整地高齣19.37%，27.13%和35.80%及100.53%，50.00%和64.17%)，增加苗木生物量和莖根生物量比值，增加苗木葉片的葉麵積和數量；3)在高檯整地情況下，截榦處理對水麯柳苗成活沒有顯著影響，但截榦處理成活率和高生長量小于未截榦處理；未整地情況下，截榦處理水麯柳苗成活率和保存率顯著低于未截榦處理，但對苗高生長量和地徑生長量無顯著影響；截榦處理可增加水麯柳苗葉片的麵積與數量，提高苗木根和葉生物量積纍。【結論】土壤水熱狀況不良和地被物競爭是中下坡低窪地帶水麯柳次生純林林下水麯柳更新幼苗存活和生長差的重要原因，通過高檯整地改善土壤水熱狀況、削弱地被物競爭，可以促進水麯柳栽植苗的存活和成長。
【목적】연구고태정지화묘목절간대수곡류차생림하수곡류재식묘성활급생장적영향，이기해석저와지대수곡류차생순림림하수곡류천연경신불량적원인，위동양입지적수곡류인공조림제공삼고의거。【방법】재수곡류전형분포구내선택생장재저와차유계절성적수지단상적수곡류차생순림，채용량인소수궤구조시험설계，재기림하진행고태정지(배합지피물거제처리，병설치미정지대조)，인공재식수곡류1년생묘(재식후립즉절간지8 cm고화미절간보지원15.8 cm평균고2충처리)，대묘목재식후3개생장계내적성활화성장정황급재식후제3년적지표수분여온도변화동태진행관찰분석。【결과】1)배합사、활지피물거제처리적고태정지가이유효강저표층토양함수량，차변화폭도명현강저；고태정지가증가생장계초기(5월)지표온도승폭、강저생장계말기(9월)지표온도강폭화생장계지표온도변폭，사지표온도추우균질화；2)고태정지가제고재식묘목적성활솔화보존솔(미절간정황하，3개생장계분별비미정지고출7.17%，13.37%화15.56%)，강저재식묘목적생장계사망솔(미절간정황하，3개생장계분별비미정지저100%，64.73%화20.89%)，제고재식묘목적지경화묘고생장량(미절간정황하，3개생장계내지경화묘고생장량분별비미정지고출19.37%，27.13%화35.80%급100.53%，50.00%화64.17%)，증가묘목생물량화경근생물량비치，증가묘목협편적협면적화수량；3)재고태정지정황하，절간처리대수곡류묘성활몰유현저영향，단절간처리성활솔화고생장량소우미절간처리；미정지정황하，절간처리수곡류묘성활솔화보존솔현저저우미절간처리，단대묘고생장량화지경생장량무현저영향；절간처리가증가수곡류묘협편적면적여수량，제고묘목근화협생물량적루。【결론】토양수열상황불량화지피물경쟁시중하파저와지대수곡류차생순림림하수곡류경신유묘존활화생장차적중요원인，통과고태정지개선토양수열상황、삭약지피물경쟁，가이촉진수곡류재식묘적존활화성장。
Objective]Natural regeneration of Manchurian ash ( Fraxinus mandshurica ) has been observed in conifer plantations,secondary forests containing Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla and mixed hardwood secondary forests. However,successful natural regeneration is unlikely in pure secondary forest of F. mandshurica. The objective of this study was to provide some evidences to explain factors that might improve the survival and growth of planted ash seedlings.[Method]One-year-old manchurian ash seedlings were planted under a secondary forest of manchurian ash located at a low-lying site with seasonal water logging. Site preparation was conducted using mounding combined with clearing of ground covers. A randomized blocks experimental design was used and plots with no site disturbance was used as control. Seedlings were either top-pruned to a height of 8 cm right away after planting,or planted without any stem cutting ( average height of control seedlings was 15 . 8 cm ) . The survival and growth of the planted seedlings during the first 3 years after planting and the surface soil moisture and temperature of the planted areas at the third year after planting were investigated and analyzed.[Results]Mounding combined with clearing of ground vegetation cover reduced the moisture of surface soil ant the extent of its variation. Mounding and removal of vegetation cover increased the temperature of surface soil especially during the primary growth season ( May) ,and decreased the extent of temperature reduction in late growth stage ( September) and therefore,homogenized the surface soil temperature. Mounding significantly increased survival and decreased mortality of the non-pruned seedlings,the increases of survival rates in the first,secondary and third year were 7. 17%,13. 37% ,and 15. 56% respectively and the decreasing rates were 100%,64. 73%,and 20. 89% respectively. This treatment significantly enhanced the root-collar diameter and height increment. For non-pruned seedlings,root-collar diameter was increased by 19 . 37%,27 . 13%,35 . 80% and height was increased by 100 . 53%,50 . 00%,64 . 17%respectively in the first,secondary and third year after planting. Mounding also increased the total biomass,total leaf area and number,and also increased the ratio of stem/root biomass. When planted at mounded sites,the top-pruning had no significant effect on survival or growth of seedlings. However,the survival rate and height increment of the top-pruned seedlings was smaller than those of non-pruned seedlings. At non-mounded sites,top-pruning reduced the survival rate. However,there was no significant effect on either height or diameter increment. The top-pruning increased both leaf-area and leaf number, and increased root biomass and leaf biomass. [Conclusion]Poor situation of soil moisture and temperature and the competition with surface vegetation were the two key reasons for the low survival of planted seedlings at non-mounded sites. Improving soil moisture and temperature conditions and reducing the competition from surface vegetation by mounding could promote the survival and growth of the planted seedlings.