CAJ | 학술논문

【背景】当前农药品种及其使用量日益增多,测试农药对环境生物的急性毒性成为农药环境安全监测的重要途径。【方法】采用食下毒叶法和药土法分别测定了甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、阿维菌素、氰氟虫腙、螺螨酯、螺虫乙脂、嘧菌酯、苯醚甲环唑、戊唑醇、2,4-D二甲胺盐等9种农药对家蚕和蚯蚓的急性毒性,并根据其毒性等级划分标准进行分级,评价其对环境的安全性。【结果】甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、阿维菌素、氰氟虫腙、螺螨酯、螺虫乙脂、嘧菌酯、苯醚甲环唑、戊唑醇和2,4-D二甲胺盐对家蚕的LC50(96 h)分别为2.05×10-3、8.59×10-4、2.79、250.48、11.52、272.18、2.50、1.93×10-2和534.47 a.i.mg·L-1,对蚯蚓的LC50(14 d)分别为11.05、6.29、>100、>100、>100、>100、99.13、115.31和>100 a.i.mg·kg-1干土。其中,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、阿维菌素和戊唑醇对家蚕“剧毒”,氰氟虫腙、螺虫乙脂和苯醚甲环唑对家蚕“高毒”,其余农药对家蚕均为“低毒”；阿维菌素对蚯蚓为“中毒”,其余农药对蚯蚓均为“低毒”。【结论与意义】9种农药对家蚕和蚯蚓的急性毒性存在差异,为农药的合理使用和环境保护提供了依据。
【배경】당전농약품충급기사용량일익증다,측시농약대배경생물적급성독성성위농약배경안전감측적중요도경。【방법】채용식하독협법화약토법분별측정료갑안기아유균소분갑산염、아유균소、청불충종、라만지、라충을지、밀균지、분미갑배서、무서순、2,4-D이갑알염등9충농약대가잠화구인적급성독성,병근거기독성등급화분표준진행분급,평개기대배경적안전성。【결과】갑안기아유균소분갑산염、아유균소、청불충종、라만지、라충을지、밀균지、분미갑배서、무서순화2,4-D이갑알염대가잠적LC50(96 h)분별위2.05×10-3、8.59×10-4、2.79、250.48、11.52、272.18、2.50、1.93×10-2화534.47 a.i.mg·L-1,대구인적LC50(14 d)분별위11.05、6.29、>100、>100、>100、>100、99.13、115.31화>100 a.i.mg·kg-1간토。기중,갑안기아유균소분갑산염、아유균소화무서순대가잠“극독”,청불충종、라충을지화분미갑배서대가잠“고독”,기여농약대가잠균위“저독”；아유균소대구인위“중독”,기여농약대구인균위“저독”。【결론여의의】9충농약대가잠화구인적급성독성존재차이,위농약적합리사용화배경보호제공료의거。
Background]As pesticide formulations and dosages increase, acute toxicity tests are importment to find out their effects on non-target organisms for developing environmentally safe application methods. [Method]The acute toxicity of emamectin benzo-ate, abamectin, metaflumizone, spirodiclofen, spirotetramat, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole azole, tebuconazole and 2,4-D dimethyl-amine salt to Bombyx mori and Eisenia fetida were tested, and the toxicity grades were evaluated according to the accepted standard protocol. [Result]The median lethal concentration after exposure for 96 h of emamectin benzoate, abamectin, metaflumizone, spi-rodiclofen, spirotetramat, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole azole, tebuconazole and 2,4-D dimethylamine salt to B. mori were 2. 05 × 10-3 a.i.mg·L-1, 8.59×10-4 a.i.mg·L-1, 2.79 a.i.mg·L-1, 250.48 a.i.mg·L-1, 11.52 a.i.mg·L-1, 272.18 a.i.mg·L-1, 2.50 a.i.mg·L-1, 1.93×10-2 a.i.mg·L-1 and 534.47 a.i.mg·L-1 respectively. The 14 days median lethal concentration to E. fetida were 11.05 a.i.mg·kg-1dw, 6.29 a.i.mg·kg-1dw, >100 a.i.mg·kg-1dw, >100 a.i.mg·kg-1dw, >100 a.i.mg·kg-1dw, >100 a.i.mg·kg-1dw, 99.13 a.i.mg·kg-1dw, 115.31 a.i.mg·kg-1dw, >100 a.i.mg·kg-1dw. Emamectin benzoate, abamectin and te-buconazole were severely toxic to B. mori, and metaflumizone, spirotetramat and difenoconazole had high toxicity, only azoxystrobin toxicity was low. Abamectin was moderately toxic to E. fetida, all other tested pesticides had low toxicity. [Conclusion and signifi-cance]Significant differences between toxicity of pesticides to B. mori and E. fetida were found, which can serve as reference for the regulation and environmental protection.