CAJ | 학술논문

18世纪末19世纪初，美国大学在学习德国时，没有照搬讲座制，而是将它发展成为学系制。究其原因，至少有三个：一是从思想文化来说，美国政治论的高等教育哲学、民主精神以及本土化思潮促使了美国大学学系制的产生；二是从组织制度来看，美国大学董事会制、选修制的实施使得学系制成必然；三是从现实回应来讲，学系制顺应了美国高等教育规模的扩张。讲座制向学系制的演变反映了大学内部管理权力的日渐分化和制度化过程。
18세기말19세기초，미국대학재학습덕국시，몰유조반강좌제，이시장타발전성위학계제。구기원인，지소유삼개：일시종사상문화래설，미국정치론적고등교육철학、민주정신이급본토화사조촉사료미국대학학계제적산생；이시종조직제도래간，미국대학동사회제、선수제적실시사득학계제성필연；삼시종현실회응래강，학계제순응료미국고등교육규모적확장。강좌제향학계제적연변반영료대학내부관리권력적일점분화화제도화과정。
At the end of the18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, American universities developed the chair system of Germany into the department system rather than simply copying it. There are at least three causes. Firstly, from the perspective of ideology and culture,its political philosophy of higher education,democratic spirit and localization thought promoted the emer gence of department system. Secondly, from the or ganizational system point, the board system and elective system implemented in universities enable the department system come into being inevitably. Thirdly, faced with reality, the department system was a response to the expansion of educational scale. The transformation from chair system to department system reflects that the university internal management is becoming increasingly democratic and institu-tional.