CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】研究毛乌素沙地长柄扁桃坚果核仁的营养品质特点，尤其是脂肪酸的组成变异规律，为长柄扁桃新品种选育提供科学依据。【方法】在对毛乌素沙地长柄扁桃坚果表型多样性进行调查和分析的基础上，选取代表坚果质量和核壳厚度以及出仁率多样性的31个长柄扁桃优良单株坚果核仁为样本，利用索氏提取法和AOAC996.06脂肪酸分析方法提取分析样品粗脂肪含量和脂肪酸组成，采用 SPSS13.0等统计分析软件对粗脂肪和脂肪酸检测数据进行统计分析。【结果】31个毛乌素沙地长柄扁桃坚果核仁中粗脂肪含量在46.08%～61.61%之间，平均为54.58%。坚果核仁油中脂肪酸鉴定出棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和顺－11－二十碳烯酸7种组分，其中油酸含量最高，达34.94%，其次是亚油酸，平均含量为15.87%。油脂中不饱和脂肪酸比例在96.44%～98.31%之间，不饱和脂肪酸主要由油酸和亚油酸构成，二者占不饱和脂肪酸的93.09%。饱和脂肪酸比例较低，在3.56%以下，主要是棕榈酸。在油脂和脂肪酸变异方面，不同单株间坚果核仁油脂含量变化相对稳定，变异系数仅为8.10%，而单株间各脂肪酸组分间的变异系数差异较大，变异系数从大到小依次为亚麻酸(37.02%)＞顺－11－二十碳烯酸(29.34%)＞硬脂酸(25.39%)＞棕榈油酸(21.83%)＞亚油酸(20.34%)＞棕榈酸(14.44%)＞油酸(8.77%)，油酸和亚油酸不但含量高，而且变化相对稳定；亚麻酸和顺－11－二十碳烯酸不但含量低，而且单株间差异大。油脂和脂肪酸含量相关性方面，油脂含量与油酸和亚油酸组分呈显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.68和0.70，与不饱和及饱和脂肪酸的比值相关系数最高，为0.74，与亚麻酸及饱和脂肪酸所占比值呈显著负相关，相关系数为－0.52和－0.68。同时，单不饱和脂肪酸所占比值与油酸呈极显著正相关，而多不饱和脂肪酸所占比值与亚油酸呈极显著正相关，相关系数都接近1.00，说明不饱和脂肪酸的种类和含量与油酸和亚油酸密切相关。【结论】毛乌素沙地长柄扁桃油脂含量高，脂肪酸组成相对单一，主要是脂肪酸油酸和亚油酸，且含量相对稳定、变异小，这些油脂和脂肪酸组成及变异规律的检测分析，为油用长柄扁桃新品种的选育提供一定的指导。【目的】研究毛烏素沙地長柄扁桃堅果覈仁的營養品質特點，尤其是脂肪痠的組成變異規律，為長柄扁桃新品種選育提供科學依據。【方法】在對毛烏素沙地長柄扁桃堅果錶型多樣性進行調查和分析的基礎上，選取代錶堅果質量和覈殼厚度以及齣仁率多樣性的31箇長柄扁桃優良單株堅果覈仁為樣本，利用索氏提取法和AOAC996.06脂肪痠分析方法提取分析樣品粗脂肪含量和脂肪痠組成，採用 SPSS13.0等統計分析軟件對粗脂肪和脂肪痠檢測數據進行統計分析。【結果】31箇毛烏素沙地長柄扁桃堅果覈仁中粗脂肪含量在46.08%～61.61%之間，平均為54.58%。堅果覈仁油中脂肪痠鑒定齣棕櫚痠、棕櫚油痠、硬脂痠、油痠、亞油痠、亞痳痠和順－11－二十碳烯痠7種組分，其中油痠含量最高，達34.94%，其次是亞油痠，平均含量為15.87%。油脂中不飽和脂肪痠比例在96.44%～98.31%之間，不飽和脂肪痠主要由油痠和亞油痠構成，二者佔不飽和脂肪痠的93.09%。飽和脂肪痠比例較低，在3.56%以下，主要是棕櫚痠。在油脂和脂肪痠變異方麵，不同單株間堅果覈仁油脂含量變化相對穩定，變異繫數僅為8.10%，而單株間各脂肪痠組分間的變異繫數差異較大，變異繫數從大到小依次為亞痳痠(37.02%)＞順－11－二十碳烯痠(29.34%)＞硬脂痠(25.39%)＞棕櫚油痠(21.83%)＞亞油痠(20.34%)＞棕櫚痠(14.44%)＞油痠(8.77%)，油痠和亞油痠不但含量高，而且變化相對穩定；亞痳痠和順－11－二十碳烯痠不但含量低，而且單株間差異大。油脂和脂肪痠含量相關性方麵，油脂含量與油痠和亞油痠組分呈顯著正相關，相關繫數分彆為0.68和0.70，與不飽和及飽和脂肪痠的比值相關繫數最高，為0.74，與亞痳痠及飽和脂肪痠所佔比值呈顯著負相關，相關繫數為－0.52和－0.68。同時，單不飽和脂肪痠所佔比值與油痠呈極顯著正相關，而多不飽和脂肪痠所佔比值與亞油痠呈極顯著正相關，相關繫數都接近1.00，說明不飽和脂肪痠的種類和含量與油痠和亞油痠密切相關。【結論】毛烏素沙地長柄扁桃油脂含量高，脂肪痠組成相對單一，主要是脂肪痠油痠和亞油痠，且含量相對穩定、變異小，這些油脂和脂肪痠組成及變異規律的檢測分析，為油用長柄扁桃新品種的選育提供一定的指導。
【목적】연구모오소사지장병편도견과핵인적영양품질특점，우기시지방산적조성변이규률，위장병편도신품충선육제공과학의거。【방법】재대모오소사지장병편도견과표형다양성진행조사화분석적기출상，선취대표견과질량화핵각후도이급출인솔다양성적31개장병편도우량단주견과핵인위양본，이용색씨제취법화AOAC996.06지방산분석방법제취분석양품조지방함량화지방산조성，채용 SPSS13.0등통계분석연건대조지방화지방산검측수거진행통계분석。【결과】31개모오소사지장병편도견과핵인중조지방함량재46.08%～61.61%지간，평균위54.58%。견과핵인유중지방산감정출종려산、종려유산、경지산、유산、아유산、아마산화순－11－이십탄희산7충조분，기중유산함량최고，체34.94%，기차시아유산，평균함량위15.87%。유지중불포화지방산비례재96.44%～98.31%지간，불포화지방산주요유유산화아유산구성，이자점불포화지방산적93.09%。포화지방산비례교저，재3.56%이하，주요시종려산。재유지화지방산변이방면，불동단주간견과핵인유지함량변화상대은정，변이계수부위8.10%，이단주간각지방산조분간적변이계수차이교대，변이계수종대도소의차위아마산(37.02%)＞순－11－이십탄희산(29.34%)＞경지산(25.39%)＞종려유산(21.83%)＞아유산(20.34%)＞종려산(14.44%)＞유산(8.77%)，유산화아유산불단함량고，이차변화상대은정；아마산화순－11－이십탄희산불단함량저，이차단주간차이대。유지화지방산함량상관성방면，유지함량여유산화아유산조분정현저정상관，상관계수분별위0.68화0.70，여불포화급포화지방산적비치상관계수최고，위0.74，여아마산급포화지방산소점비치정현저부상관，상관계수위－0.52화－0.68。동시，단불포화지방산소점비치여유산정겁현저정상관，이다불포화지방산소점비치여아유산정겁현저정상관，상관계수도접근1.00，설명불포화지방산적충류화함량여유산화아유산밀절상관。【결론】모오소사지장병편도유지함량고，지방산조성상대단일，주요시지방산유산화아유산，차함량상대은정、변이소，저사유지화지방산조성급변이규률적검측분석，위유용장병편도신품충적선육제공일정적지도。
[Objective]Amygdalus pedunculata is naturally distributed in Mu Us Desert. The tree has strong resistance, and its kernel has high oil content,therefore A. pedunculata is classified as a new type of woody edible oil plant resources. [Method]Understanding nutritional quality characteristics of A. pedunculata kernel,particularly fatty acids, will provide scientific basis for the breeding. In this paper,31 A. pedunculata representative samples were selected according to their nut characteristics from Mu Us Desert. The variations of crude fat content and fatty acid composition were studied. The samples were extracted using Soxhlet extraction and the GC analysis based on AOAC996. 06 method was used to analyze the fatty acid composition and oil content. [Result]The results showed that the crude fat content ranged from 46. 08% to 61. 61%,the average content was 54. 58%. The kernel oil contained seven kinds of fatty acids:Palmitic,Palmitoleic,Stearic,Oleic,Linoleic,α-Linolenic and cis-11-Eicosenoic,among which the major fatty acids were oleic acid (34. 94%) and linoleic acid (15. 87%). The percentage of total unsaturated fatty acids in the oil varied from 96. 44% to 98. 31%,while percentage of oleic acid and linoleic acid content was as high as 93. 09%. The percentage of saturated fatty acid was reached to 3. 56%,and its major composition was palmitic acid. The lipid content was relatively stable,and the variation coefficient was only 8. 10%. However fatty acid content changed greatly, coefficients of variation was 37. 02% for linoleic acid and 8. 77% for oleic acid. The variation coefficient of fatty acid components among different individuals in A. pedunculata population from high to low was linolenic acid (37. 02%),cis-11-Eicosenoic (29. 34%),stearic acid (25. 39%),palmitoleic acid (21. 83%),linoleic acid (20. 34%),palmitic acid (14. 44%),oleic acid (8. 77%). This result indicated that the content of oleic acid and linoleic acid was not only high,but also stable,while the content of linolenic acid and cis-11-Eicosenoic was comparatively low and unstable. The total crude fat content was significantly correlated with the content of oleic acid,linoleic acid and unsaturated/saturated ratio,with the correlation coefficient of 0. 68,0. 70,and 0. 74,respectively. The total crude fat content was highly and negatively correlated with the content of linolenic acid and SFA,with the correlation coefficient of -0. 52 and -0. 68. MUFA was significantly correlated with the content of oleic acid,while PUFA was significantly correlated with the content of linoleic acid and the correlation coefficient were closed to 1. 00.[Conclusion]A. pedunculata nuts have high content of crude lipid. The fatty acid composition was relatively simple,and mainly of oleic acid and linoleic acid. The content of oleic acid and linoleic acid was relatively stable,and positively correlated with the total crude fat content. These results would provide some guidance for breeding new oil varieties.