林业科学
林業科學
임업과학
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
2015年
7期
136-141
,共6页
马瑞%刘贤德%肖洪浪%王顺利%敬文茂%赵锦梅
馬瑞%劉賢德%肖洪浪%王順利%敬文茂%趙錦梅
마서%류현덕%초홍랑%왕순리%경문무%조금매
祁连山%甘青锦鸡儿灌丛%穿透雨%空间分布
祁連山%甘青錦鷄兒灌叢%穿透雨%空間分佈
기련산%감청금계인관총%천투우%공간분포
Qilian Mountains%Caragana tangutica shrub%throughfall%spatial distribution
【目的】探讨祁连山西水林区甘青锦鸡儿灌丛冠下穿透雨分布特征及其影响因素，为定量评价祁连山区甘青锦鸡儿灌丛的生态水文功能和基于生态过程的灌丛水文模型的参数化提供数据支撑。【方法】基于祁连山甘青锦鸡儿种群特征调查，在坡中位选取3株代表性甘青锦鸡儿灌丛，沿冠层枝条辐散方向选取观测断面，在断面上布设承雨器，对叶量稳定期内12次降雨事件的冠层穿透雨及其空间分布进行测定，分析穿透雨与降雨特征的关系以及冠下穿透雨空间分布格局及其影响因素。【结果】甘青锦鸡儿灌丛冠下穿透雨在不同降雨事件中差异较大，观测期内单株灌丛的平均穿透雨率为45.9%；穿透雨量与降雨量之间呈线性关系( y =0.6262x －1.0181，R2=0.983)，穿透雨率与降雨量之间呈二次函数关系(y=－0.0336x2+1.8068x +34.094，R2=0.5753)；穿透雨率具有明显的空间异质性，平均穿透雨率沿径向由距灌丛基部10 cm 处的28.98%单调递增至距基部90 cm 处的62.19%，受冠层结构特征的影响，在距灌丛基部30～50 cm的区间内增加量最大，占总增加量的61%；穿透雨率沿径向的空间变异系数随降雨量的增大而降低，在降雨量小于10 mm的小降雨事件中穿透雨率的空间变异性尤为显著；穿透雨率的空间分布格局还受降雨强度的影响，当降雨强度为0.97和4.27 mm·h －1时，距灌丛基部10～30和50～90 cm的穿透雨率有明显差异，而当降雨强度为25.06 mm·h －1时，穿透雨率沿径向的差异被弱化。【结论】单株甘青锦鸡儿灌丛的穿透雨特征同时受降雨特征和冠层结构特征的影响，其冠下穿透雨量与降雨量及穿透雨率与降雨量间的关系与前人相关研究结果一致。冠层特征决定了冠下穿透雨的空间分布总格局，但穿透雨的空间分布格局也受降雨量和降雨强度的影响，降雨量增大或降雨强度达到一定程度时均会降低冠下穿透雨的空间异质性。
【目的】探討祁連山西水林區甘青錦鷄兒灌叢冠下穿透雨分佈特徵及其影響因素，為定量評價祁連山區甘青錦鷄兒灌叢的生態水文功能和基于生態過程的灌叢水文模型的參數化提供數據支撐。【方法】基于祁連山甘青錦鷄兒種群特徵調查，在坡中位選取3株代錶性甘青錦鷄兒灌叢，沿冠層枝條輻散方嚮選取觀測斷麵，在斷麵上佈設承雨器，對葉量穩定期內12次降雨事件的冠層穿透雨及其空間分佈進行測定，分析穿透雨與降雨特徵的關繫以及冠下穿透雨空間分佈格跼及其影響因素。【結果】甘青錦鷄兒灌叢冠下穿透雨在不同降雨事件中差異較大，觀測期內單株灌叢的平均穿透雨率為45.9%；穿透雨量與降雨量之間呈線性關繫( y =0.6262x －1.0181，R2=0.983)，穿透雨率與降雨量之間呈二次函數關繫(y=－0.0336x2+1.8068x +34.094，R2=0.5753)；穿透雨率具有明顯的空間異質性，平均穿透雨率沿徑嚮由距灌叢基部10 cm 處的28.98%單調遞增至距基部90 cm 處的62.19%，受冠層結構特徵的影響，在距灌叢基部30～50 cm的區間內增加量最大，佔總增加量的61%；穿透雨率沿徑嚮的空間變異繫數隨降雨量的增大而降低，在降雨量小于10 mm的小降雨事件中穿透雨率的空間變異性尤為顯著；穿透雨率的空間分佈格跼還受降雨彊度的影響，噹降雨彊度為0.97和4.27 mm·h －1時，距灌叢基部10～30和50～90 cm的穿透雨率有明顯差異，而噹降雨彊度為25.06 mm·h －1時，穿透雨率沿徑嚮的差異被弱化。【結論】單株甘青錦鷄兒灌叢的穿透雨特徵同時受降雨特徵和冠層結構特徵的影響，其冠下穿透雨量與降雨量及穿透雨率與降雨量間的關繫與前人相關研究結果一緻。冠層特徵決定瞭冠下穿透雨的空間分佈總格跼，但穿透雨的空間分佈格跼也受降雨量和降雨彊度的影響，降雨量增大或降雨彊度達到一定程度時均會降低冠下穿透雨的空間異質性。
【목적】탐토기련산서수림구감청금계인관총관하천투우분포특정급기영향인소，위정량평개기련산구감청금계인관총적생태수문공능화기우생태과정적관총수문모형적삼수화제공수거지탱。【방법】기우기련산감청금계인충군특정조사，재파중위선취3주대표성감청금계인관총，연관층지조복산방향선취관측단면，재단면상포설승우기，대협량은정기내12차강우사건적관층천투우급기공간분포진행측정，분석천투우여강우특정적관계이급관하천투우공간분포격국급기영향인소。【결과】감청금계인관총관하천투우재불동강우사건중차이교대，관측기내단주관총적평균천투우솔위45.9%；천투우량여강우량지간정선성관계( y =0.6262x －1.0181，R2=0.983)，천투우솔여강우량지간정이차함수관계(y=－0.0336x2+1.8068x +34.094，R2=0.5753)；천투우솔구유명현적공간이질성，평균천투우솔연경향유거관총기부10 cm 처적28.98%단조체증지거기부90 cm 처적62.19%，수관층결구특정적영향，재거관총기부30～50 cm적구간내증가량최대，점총증가량적61%；천투우솔연경향적공간변이계수수강우량적증대이강저，재강우량소우10 mm적소강우사건중천투우솔적공간변이성우위현저；천투우솔적공간분포격국환수강우강도적영향，당강우강도위0.97화4.27 mm·h －1시，거관총기부10～30화50～90 cm적천투우솔유명현차이，이당강우강도위25.06 mm·h －1시，천투우솔연경향적차이피약화。【결론】단주감청금계인관총적천투우특정동시수강우특정화관층결구특정적영향，기관하천투우량여강우량급천투우솔여강우량간적관계여전인상관연구결과일치。관층특정결정료관하천투우적공간분포총격국，단천투우적공간분포격국야수강우량화강우강도적영향，강우량증대혹강우강도체도일정정도시균회강저관하천투우적공간이질성。
[Objective]In this study,the distribution characteristics of throughfall under the Caragana tangutica shrub canopy and its influence factors were researched. The aims of this paper were to provide the basal data for quantitatively evaluating the eco-hydrology function of Caragana tangutica shrub in the Qilian Mountains as well as parameterized the hydrological model which relying on the ecological process. [Method]Based on the investigation of population characteristics,three representative Caragana tangutica shrubs were selected on the middle slope. The measurement radial sections along the branch radial direction were selected. Containers for rain water collection were installed at each radial section. The throughfall and its spatial distribution were measured after 12 rainfall events at the period with stable foliage volume. Then the relationship between throughfall and rainfall,as well as the spatial distribution pattern and its influence factors were analyzed. [Result]The throughfall under Caragana tangutica canopy exhibited evident differences in different rainfall events. In the observation period,the mean throughfall rate of individual shrub was 45. 9%. There was a linear relationship(y =0. 626 2x -1. 018 1,R2 =0. 983)between throughfall volume and rainfall and a quadratic function relationship between throughfall rate and rainfall(y = -0. 033 6x2 +1. 806 8x +34. 094,R2 =0. 575 3). The throughfall rate exhibited an evident spatial heterogeneity and monotonously increased from 28. 98% at 10 cm distance to the shrub base to 62. 19% at 90cm distance to the shrub base along the radial direction. Influenced by the canopy structure characteristics,the biggest increment was occurred at a distance of 30—50 cm,which accounted for 61% of the total increment. The spatial variable coefficient of throughfall rates along the radial direction were decreased with the increasing rainfall,which expressed more remarkable when the rainfall was less than 10 mm. The distribution pattern was also changed when the rainfall intensity was increased. When the rainfall intensity were 0. 97 or 4. 27 mm·h -1 ,there was an evident difference of throughfall rates between 10—30 cm and 50—90 cm,while this difference could be weaken when the rainfall intensity was 25. 06 mm·h -1 .[Conclusion]The throughfall features of individual Caragana tangutica shrub were influenced by characteristics of both rainfall and the canopy structural. The relationships between throughfall volume and rainfall as well as between throughfall rate and rainfall were in accordance with findings of correlational researches that conducted by predecessors. The general spatial distribution pattern of throughfall under the canopy was determined by the canopy features,while this pattern was also influenced by rainfall volume and rainfall intensity. The increase of rainfall or when the rainfall intensity reached a certain extent both can decrease the spatial heterogeneity of throughfall under the canopy.
