CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】分析大兴安岭地区主要森林景观类型的空间分布格局及其关联性，以期阐明该地区森林景观形成和维持的内在机制，为该地区森林景观的健康经营提供理论依据。【方法】基于塔河林业局盘古林场2008年森林资源二类调查数据，采用 ArcMap10.0软件中的核密度分析和 Programita软件(2010版)中的O-ring统计方法研究该地区主要森林景观类型(天然落叶松林、天然白桦林、针叶混交林和针阔混交林)的空间分布格局及其关联性。【结果】核密度分析结果表明，该地区各主要森林景观类型在空间上呈明显聚集分布，其平均斑块密度为0.73～1.57 km －2，空间变异系数高达99.75%～119.67%；点格局 O-ring分析结果表明，4种景观类型均在小尺度上呈现显著聚集分布，之后随研究尺度的增大逐渐呈随机分布的趋势；各景观类型之间均在小尺度上显著负关联，在中等尺度上呈现出无关联性，而在大尺度上又有显著的正关联性；森林采伐、林火干扰以及道路网等因素是森林景观格局变化的主要驱动因素。【结论】大兴安岭地区由于极端的气候条件以及长期的采伐和林火干扰等因素，森林景观已经呈现出明显的破碎化趋势。为此，对于森林植被的恢复，可在小尺度上采取连片造林方式，而在大尺度上采用随机造林模式；对树种的选择，应优先选择乡土树种，并注重各树种的合理空间配置；而对于森林采伐，则应采取以择伐和间伐为主的方式；同时，严格控制人类自身活动(如采伐方式、道路安排等)对森林景观的影响，进而从景观水平上创建健康、稳定的森林生态系统。
【목적】분석대흥안령지구주요삼림경관류형적공간분포격국급기관련성，이기천명해지구삼림경관형성화유지적내재궤제，위해지구삼림경관적건강경영제공이론의거。【방법】기우탑하임업국반고림장2008년삼림자원이류조사수거，채용 ArcMap10.0연건중적핵밀도분석화 Programita연건(2010판)중적O-ring통계방법연구해지구주요삼림경관류형(천연락협송림、천연백화림、침협혼교림화침활혼교림)적공간분포격국급기관련성。【결과】핵밀도분석결과표명，해지구각주요삼림경관류형재공간상정명현취집분포，기평균반괴밀도위0.73～1.57 km －2，공간변이계수고체99.75%～119.67%；점격국 O-ring분석결과표명，4충경관류형균재소척도상정현현저취집분포，지후수연구척도적증대축점정수궤분포적추세；각경관류형지간균재소척도상현저부관련，재중등척도상정현출무관련성，이재대척도상우유현저적정관련성；삼림채벌、림화간우이급도로망등인소시삼림경관격국변화적주요구동인소。【결론】대흥안령지구유우겁단적기후조건이급장기적채벌화림화간우등인소，삼림경관이경정현출명현적파쇄화추세。위차，대우삼림식피적회복，가재소척도상채취련편조림방식，이재대척도상채용수궤조림모식；대수충적선택，응우선선택향토수충，병주중각수충적합리공간배치；이대우삼림채벌，칙응채취이택벌화간벌위주적방식；동시，엄격공제인류자신활동(여채벌방식、도로안배등)대삼림경관적영향，진이종경관수평상창건건강、은정적삼림생태계통。
[Objective]The research of multi-scale spatial distribution pattern and associations of forest landscapes has become a hotspot in landscape ecology. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the spatial distribution pattern and associations of the main forest landscapes in Daxing ’an Mountains,which can contribute to clarify the formation and maintenance mechanism of forest landscapes in this area and also can provide some insights for healthy management of the forest landscapes.[Method]Based on the data of forest resource inventory in Pangu forest farm in Daxing’an Mountains in northeastern China,the spatial distribution pattern and associations of the main forest landscape types ( natural Larix gmelinii forest,natural Betula platyphylla forest,natural coniferous mixed forest and natural mixed broadleaf-conifer forest) were characterized by using the O-ring statistics within Programita software and kernel density function within ArcMap software. [Result]The result of kernel density function indicated that the mean patch density for each forest type were 0. 73 -1. 57 km -2 ,and the spatial variation coefficient were up to 99. 75% -119. 67%,which both illustrated the distribution of the four forest landscapes were significantly clumped in spatial dimensions. The O-ring statistics showed that the main forest landscape types were significantly clumped at small scale,and tended to be in random distribution with the increase of scale. Spatial associations showed that there were negative correlations at small scale,non-correlations at medium scale,and positive correlations at large scale among different forest landscapes. Forest cutting and forest fire are the major driving forces for the change of forest landscape in the study area. [Conclusion]Our assessment indicated that the forest landscapes in this area have presented the trends of fragmentation during the recent 100 years,due to the long term forest harvest,forest fires and other interference factors. Therefore,in order to establish and maintain a healthy and stable forest ecsystem from the level of landscape,we suggested that the following four measures should be adopted: 1 ) For restoring the forest vegetation,the continuous forestation mode and random forestation mode should be employed in small and large scales,respectively;2) For selection of tree species,native species should be given priority,and spatial configuration of these species should also be given attention; 3) For forest harvesting,selective cutting and intermediate cutting should be used; 4 ) Finally,more attentions need to be paid to the effects of human activities ( e. g. ,forest harvest,silviculture and roads construction) on the forest landscapes.