CAJ | 학술논문

针对电镀行业重金属废水常规处理方法存在的药剂投加量大、污泥产量多、水质波动影响大等不足,本文提出了一种新工艺-陶瓷膜短流程处理工艺,即废水通过调节pH值使重金属离子形成相应的氢氧化物絮体后,直接进入陶瓷膜组件过滤,同时辅以曝气缓解膜污染.通过实验室小试研究了pH值、重金属质量浓度和曝气量等因素对重金属(Cu2+、Cr3+和Ni2+)去除效果以及陶瓷膜跨膜压差的影响,并进行现场中试验证.试验结果表明:pH=10时,Cu2+、Cr3+和Ni2+的去除率分别达到99.8%、99.7%和99.9%,耐冲击负荷强,原水重金属离子质量浓度为500mg/L时出水也能满足要求.气水体积比值为15时,能在保证出水水质的前提下显著缓解膜污染.该工艺中陶瓷膜的污染主要为可逆污染,可以通过水力反冲洗去除.在pH=10、气水体积比值为15和膜通量为80L/(m2?h)时,现场中试工艺出水中Cu2+、Cr3+和Ni2+的质量浓度分别低于0.15mg/L、0.3mg/L和0.1mg/L,而且跨膜压差保持稳定.
침대전도행업중금속폐수상규처리방법존재적약제투가량대、오니산량다、수질파동영향대등불족,본문제출료일충신공예-도자막단류정처리공예,즉폐수통과조절pH치사중금속리자형성상응적경양화물서체후,직접진입도자막조건과려,동시보이폭기완해막오염.통과실험실소시연구료pH치、중금속질량농도화폭기량등인소대중금속(Cu2+、Cr3+화Ni2+)거제효과이급도자막과막압차적영향,병진행현장중시험증.시험결과표명:pH=10시,Cu2+、Cr3+화Ni2+적거제솔분별체도99.8%、99.7%화99.9%,내충격부하강,원수중금속리자질량농도위500mg/L시출수야능만족요구.기수체적비치위15시,능재보증출수수질적전제하현저완해막오염.해공예중도자막적오염주요위가역오염,가이통과수력반충세거제.재pH=10、기수체적비치위15화막통량위80L/(m2?h)시,현장중시공예출수중Cu2+、Cr3+화Ni2+적질량농도분별저우0.15mg/L、0.3mg/L화0.1mg/L,이차과막압차보지은정.
In order to solve the problems of large dosage of coagulant,large amount of sludge yield, great impacts on fluctuation of water quality,this research proposed the short flow ceramic process. The process included the following two stage:adding alkali in wastewater to turn heavy metal ions into hydroxide precipitate,and filtering wastewater using ceramic membrane within aerating for mitigating membrane fouling. The influencing factors of pH,initial concentration and aeration rate on the system performance were evaluated in laboratory test,and the process was verified in a pilot test. The results showed that at pH=10,the removal rates of Cu2+,Cr3+and Ni2+ was 99.8%,99.7% and 99.9% respectively,and ceramic membrane was resistant to fluctuation of water quality. Even when the initial concentration of Cu2+,Cr3+and Ni2+ was up to 500mg/L,the effluents of the process can meet national standards. Setting the ratio of aeration volume/influent water volume at 15 can guarantee the quality of effluent,and alleviate membrane fouling. The membrane fouling of the process can be removed by hydraulic flushing. At pH=10,80L/(m2?h) and the ratio of aeration volume/influent water volume =15,the concentration of Cu2+,Cr3+and Ni2+can be limited to less than 0.15mg/L,0.3mg/L and 0.1mg/L respectively,and TMP (trans-membrane pressure) remains stable.