CAJ | 학술논문

红山文化的生业模式学术界主要有两种观点：一种意见认为红山文化晚期的农业比重并没有上升到经济的主导地位，其经济应该属于农业和渔猎并重类型；另一种意见认为红山文化晚期农业经济彻底取代渔猎经济，居于主导地位。就现有的考古资料结合最新的浮选成果来看，红山文化的生业模式是农业与渔猎采集并重。除此之外，红山文化经济结构中的手工业已出现了专门化，这从一个方面标志着红山文化已经进入社会复杂化阶段。其社会管理从管理模式上来看，属区别于中原地区王权管理模式的神权管理模式；从管理体系上来讲，存在分层管理、分区管理和分群管理等。经济的多样性和完善的社会管理体系使得红山文化在较长时期内持续发展，最终孕育出文明的火花。
홍산문화적생업모식학술계주요유량충관점：일충의견인위홍산문화만기적농업비중병몰유상승도경제적주도지위，기경제응해속우농업화어작병중류형；령일충의견인위홍산문화만기농업경제철저취대어작경제，거우주도지위。취현유적고고자료결합최신적부선성과래간，홍산문화적생업모식시농업여어작채집병중。제차지외，홍산문화경제결구중적수공업이출현료전문화，저종일개방면표지착홍산문화이경진입사회복잡화계단。기사회관리종관리모식상래간，속구별우중원지구왕권관리모식적신권관리모식；종관리체계상래강，존재분층관리、분구관리화분군관리등。경제적다양성화완선적사회관리체계사득홍산문화재교장시기내지속발전，최종잉육출문명적화화。
The academic circles mainly hold two viewpoints on the subsistence mode of Hongshan Culture:one considers the proportion of agriculture in the late period of Hongshan Culture did not rise to the domi‐nated position of the economy ,and the forms of economy should belong to the type ,w hich consist of agri‐culture ,fishing and hunting ;the second opinion is that agricultural economy of Hongshan Culture in the posterior time has substituted the hunting and gathering economy completely and occupies a leading posi‐tion .On the basis of existing archaeological data and floatation results ,the subsistence mode of the Hong‐shan Culture is formed by agriculture ,fishing ,hunting ,and gathering .In addition ,the handicraft indus‐try in the economic structure of Hongshan Culture has been specialized gradually ,w hich becomes a sign that Hongshan Culture has stepped on the stage of complex society .The social management ,from the point of view of the management mode ,is theocratic management mode ,w hich is different from the king‐ship management mode in the Central Plains region ;the management system includes hierarchical manage‐ment ,partition management and group management .Economic diversity and perfect social management system contribute the Hongshan Culture to developing sustainably in a prolong perspective and eventually gave birth to the spark of the civilization .