CAJ | 학술논문

在中国，高考几乎是每个关心子女教育的家庭最为关注的事情。通过构建一个 OLG 理论模型，本研究探讨了高考制度影响人力资本形成、经济增长和收入分配等的微观动态机制。由于家庭教育投资有助于提高高考成绩，在信贷市场不完善的条件下，统一的高考录取分数线将使得部分低收入家庭天资聪慧的子女被高收入家庭天资稍低的子女所替代。其结果是，统一录取分数的高考一方面阻碍了低收入家庭向上的代际流动和当期的人力资本积累，另一方面则是降低了长期经济增长速度。为了使不同家庭的子女享有公平的教育机会，差异化的高考录取分数线不仅将带来更高的经济增长速度，同时也有利于大部分家庭当期福利的提高。
재중국，고고궤호시매개관심자녀교육적가정최위관주적사정。통과구건일개 OLG 이론모형，본연구탐토료고고제도영향인력자본형성、경제증장화수입분배등적미관동태궤제。유우가정교육투자유조우제고고고성적，재신대시장불완선적조건하，통일적고고록취분수선장사득부분저수입가정천자총혜적자녀피고수입가정천자초저적자녀소체대。기결과시，통일록취분수적고고일방면조애료저수입가정향상적대제류동화당기적인력자본적루，령일방면칙시강저료장기경제증장속도。위료사불동가정적자녀향유공평적교육궤회，차이화적고고록취분수선불부장대래경고적경제증장속도，동시야유리우대부분가정당기복리적제고。
In China, college entrance examination is one of the most important institutional arrangements of education which attracts the most attention of families who care about the offspring education. By constructing an OLG model, this study discussed the impact of the college entrance examination on micro dynamic mechanism, such as human capital formation, economic development and income distribution. Because capital market is imperfect and family’s education investment is conducive to the improvement of child's test scores, under unified college admission scores, part of the gifted children from low-income families were replaced by less gifted children from high-income families, so that they lose the opportunity to receive higher education. As a result, unified college admission scores will not only impede the low income family's upward mobility and the current human capital accumulation, but also reduce the long- term economic growth rate. In order to make the children from different families enjoy the equal opportunity to receive education, it is necessary to implement differentiated college admission scores. The Differentiated college admission scores brings not only the higher speed of economic growth, but alsothe welfare improvement of the most families.