华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）
華中科技大學學報（社會科學版）
화중과기대학학보（사회과학판）
Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition)
2015年
5期
62-70
,共9页
项目制%示范%国家治理%政策试验
項目製%示範%國傢治理%政策試驗
항목제%시범%국가치리%정책시험
project system%demonstration%national governance%policy experimentation
中国试点工作呈现出“示范”断裂现象，即造点容易、推广难。“示范”断裂现象的发生，不仅因为选点不科学、操之过急或者综合配套试点不足、后济乏力，还在于中国宏观制度环境与中观制度安排下的微观政府行为异化。本文通过制度分析方法研究发现“示范”断裂具有多重逻辑，宏观制度环境和中观制度安排提供了示范点建立的激励机制、示范失效的断裂机制以及路径依赖的强化机制，而示范断裂主要存在于资金链条断裂、科层运作断裂和集体行动断裂等多个环节中。国家治理、财政体制等集中式制度环境与统一目标、专款专用、配套资金、技术治理的项目制制度安排对地方政府“示范”工作的实施都产生了影响，且项目目标与科层目标间的张力是根本性矛盾。项目制制度安排为地方政府乐于“造点”、疲于“推广”提供了激励，而集中制环境对“示范”断裂予以路径强化，使得“示范”断裂现象常态化。
中國試點工作呈現齣“示範”斷裂現象，即造點容易、推廣難。“示範”斷裂現象的髮生，不僅因為選點不科學、操之過急或者綜閤配套試點不足、後濟乏力，還在于中國宏觀製度環境與中觀製度安排下的微觀政府行為異化。本文通過製度分析方法研究髮現“示範”斷裂具有多重邏輯，宏觀製度環境和中觀製度安排提供瞭示範點建立的激勵機製、示範失效的斷裂機製以及路徑依賴的彊化機製，而示範斷裂主要存在于資金鏈條斷裂、科層運作斷裂和集體行動斷裂等多箇環節中。國傢治理、財政體製等集中式製度環境與統一目標、專款專用、配套資金、技術治理的項目製製度安排對地方政府“示範”工作的實施都產生瞭影響，且項目目標與科層目標間的張力是根本性矛盾。項目製製度安排為地方政府樂于“造點”、疲于“推廣”提供瞭激勵，而集中製環境對“示範”斷裂予以路徑彊化，使得“示範”斷裂現象常態化。
중국시점공작정현출“시범”단렬현상，즉조점용역、추엄난。“시범”단렬현상적발생，불부인위선점불과학、조지과급혹자종합배투시점불족、후제핍력，환재우중국굉관제도배경여중관제도안배하적미관정부행위이화。본문통과제도분석방법연구발현“시범”단렬구유다중라집，굉관제도배경화중관제도안배제공료시범점건립적격려궤제、시범실효적단렬궤제이급로경의뢰적강화궤제，이시범단렬주요존재우자금련조단렬、과층운작단렬화집체행동단렬등다개배절중。국가치리、재정체제등집중식제도배경여통일목표、전관전용、배투자금、기술치리적항목제제도안배대지방정부“시범”공작적실시도산생료영향，차항목목표여과층목표간적장력시근본성모순。항목제제도안배위지방정부악우“조점”、피우“추엄”제공료격려，이집중제배경대“시범”단렬여이로경강화，사득“시범”단렬현상상태화。
Pilot work in China presents the phenomenon of demonstration fracture, which is easy to create demonstration sites, while hard to generalize them.The occurrence of demonstration fracture is not only be-cause unscientific sites chosen, or lack of comprehensive coordinated demonstration sites, but also on account of the microscopic government behavior dissimilation under Chinese macroscopic institutional environment and mesoscopic institutional arrangement.This article finds that demonstration fracture includes multiple-logic. With the research of institutional analysis, we find that macroscopic institutional environment and mesoscopic institutional arrangement provide incentive mechanism of creating demonstration sites, fracture mechanism of demonstration failure, and strengthening mechanism of path dependence.Demonstration fracture mainly exists in multi-segments of capital chain breaking, hierarchical operation breaking and collective action breaking. Researches show that centralized institutional environment of national governance, financial systems, and pro-ject system institutional arrangements of unified objective, earmarked fund, matched capital, technology gov-ernance have effects on the conduct of local government’ s demonstration work.The tension between project objective and hierarchical objective is fundamental contradiction.Project system institutional arrangements pro-vide the stimulation for local government to create but not generalize demonstration sites, and centralized envi-ronment strengthens the demonstration fracture, making the demonstration fracture phenomenon normalization.
