CAJ | 학술논문

当前高考制度面临着高校招生自主权难以落实、考生专业性向未受重视、一次考试机会偶然性大等主要问题。要解决这些问题，高考制度必须改革过度统一的科目设置和权重设置，充分尊重考生不同学科能力的个体差异，充分尊重高校不同专业的选拔要求。在高考的统一框架下，考试科目设置为必考科目和选考科目，国家统一设定必考科目和各科目权重范围，由高校自主设置各专业的选考科目和各科目具体权重，由考生自主选择选考科目和相应专业。将原始分数线性转换之后，依据各科目权重合成各专业总分。高校依据各专业的总分顺序和考生的志愿顺序录取新生。高考改革的关键是，坚持高考统一性和差异性相平衡原则，通过高考科目设置和权重设置，测量考生的专业性向，使考生根据学科优势选择适合自身专业性向的专业，高校按照专业特点录取相应专业性向的考生。
당전고고제도면림착고교초생자주권난이락실、고생전업성향미수중시、일차고시궤회우연성대등주요문제。요해결저사문제，고고제도필수개혁과도통일적과목설치화권중설치，충분존중고생불동학과능력적개체차이，충분존중고교불동전업적선발요구。재고고적통일광가하，고시과목설치위필고과목화선고과목，국가통일설정필고과목화각과목권중범위，유고교자주설치각전업적선고과목화각과목구체권중，유고생자주선택선고과목화상응전업。장원시분수선성전환지후，의거각과목권중합성각전업총분。고교의거각전업적총분순서화고생적지원순서록취신생。고고개혁적관건시，견지고고통일성화차이성상평형원칙，통과고고과목설치화권중설치，측량고생적전업성향，사고생근거학과우세선택괄합자신전업성향적전업，고교안조전업특점록취상응전업성향적고생。
The main challenges faced by the current National College Entrance Examination(NCEE)system are following:college’s autonomy of enrolling new students and examinee’s vocational aptitude are ignored, and only one testing opportunity is a bit on chance. In order to solve these problems, the highly uniform model of setting examinational subjects and weights in NCEE system must be reformed, and examinee’s individual differences in abilities in different subjects and college’s admission requirements in different majors must be highly valued. Under the uniform framework of NCEE, examinational subjects are suggested to be classified as obligatory and optional subjects. The obligatory subjects and weight ranges of all obligatory and optional subjects are nationally uniform. The optional subjects and individual weights of all obligatory and optional subjects in every college major are set by colleges and universities. All examinees are free to choose optional subjects and corresponding college majors. After raw scores are linearly transformed into standard scores, scores of every examinational subject in every college major are added together by its weight to get total scores. New students are enrolled based on the sequence of total scores in every college major and the sequence of every examinee’s choices for college majors. What is crucial in the new wave of NCEE reform is following: in the light of balancing uniformity and variability in the NCEE, examinee’s vocational aptitudes are measured by means of setting examinational subjects and their weights, examinees can choose college majors favorable for their vocational aptitudes based on advantages in abilities of examinational subjects, colleges and universities can enroll new students of corresponding vocational aptitudes based on characteristics of college majors.