CAJ | 학술논문

位于6A染色体的TaGW2是控制小麦籽粒大小的关键基因,已发现其第8外显子有一个T碱基插入等位变异,其启动子区存在Hap-6A-A及Hap-6A-G等位变异。利用高分辨率熔解曲线分析技术(high resolution melting curve analysis, HRM)和Hap-6A-P1/P2分子标记检测了316份小麦品种(系)的TaGW2-6A基因在上述2个位点的等位变异,分析了其不同等位变异与粒长、粒宽和千粒重的相关性,并以大面积推广的大粒品种周麦22为例,解析 TaGW2-6A基因优异等位变异在系谱选育中的遗传传递。共检测到61份T碱基插入等位变异(命名为977T基因型)和255份无T碱基插入的等位变异(977-基因型)材料；在977T基因型中, Hap-6A-A (TA)和Hap-6A-G (TG)单倍型材料分别为29份和32份,在977-基因型中, Hap-6A-A (-A)和Hap-6A-G (-G)单倍型材料分别为160份和95份。关联分析表明,977T基因型与977-基因型的粒长(P<0.05)、粒宽(P<0.001)和千粒重(P<0.001)均有显著差异, Hap-6A-A单倍型与Hap-6A-G 单倍型的粒长(P<0.05)、粒宽(P<0.05)和千粒重(P<0.001)也有显著差异。TaGW2-6A 基因编码区和启动子区等位变异之间存在相互作用,共同调控小麦籽粒的大小,其中 TA 单倍型比 T G、-A、-G 单倍型更能增加小麦的粒宽和粒重,是优异的等位变异组合。周麦22为 TA 单倍型,系谱分析表明,该等位变异并非来源于亲本周8425B,而是来源于亲本辉县红,且 TA 单倍型能够稳定遗传,但是在常规育种选择过程中可能会丢失。本研究筛选出的TaGW2-6A优异等位变异TA单倍型材料及高通量分子检测方法为分子标记辅助育种提供材料和方法依据。
위우6A염색체적TaGW2시공제소맥자립대소적관건기인,이발현기제8외현자유일개T감기삽입등위변이,기계동자구존재Hap-6A-A급Hap-6A-G등위변이。이용고분변솔용해곡선분석기술(high resolution melting curve analysis, HRM)화Hap-6A-P1/P2분자표기검측료316빈소맥품충(계)적TaGW2-6A기인재상술2개위점적등위변이,분석료기불동등위변이여립장、립관화천립중적상관성,병이대면적추엄적대립품충주맥22위례,해석 TaGW2-6A기인우이등위변이재계보선육중적유전전체。공검측도61빈T감기삽입등위변이(명명위977T기인형)화255빈무T감기삽입적등위변이(977-기인형)재료；재977T기인형중, Hap-6A-A (TA)화Hap-6A-G (TG)단배형재료분별위29빈화32빈,재977-기인형중, Hap-6A-A (-A)화Hap-6A-G (-G)단배형재료분별위160빈화95빈。관련분석표명,977T기인형여977-기인형적립장(P<0.05)、립관(P<0.001)화천립중(P<0.001)균유현저차이, Hap-6A-A단배형여Hap-6A-G 단배형적립장(P<0.05)、립관(P<0.05)화천립중(P<0.001)야유현저차이。TaGW2-6A 기인편마구화계동자구등위변이지간존재상호작용,공동조공소맥자립적대소,기중 TA 단배형비 T G、-A、-G 단배형경능증가소맥적립관화립중,시우이적등위변이조합。주맥22위 TA 단배형,계보분석표명,해등위변이병비래원우친본주8425B,이시래원우친본휘현홍,차 TA 단배형능구은정유전,단시재상규육충선택과정중가능회주실。본연구사선출적TaGW2-6A우이등위변이TA단배형재료급고통량분자검측방법위분자표기보조육충제공재료화방법의거。
TaGW2 on chromosome 6A is a key gene governing kernel size of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). There are a single T-base insertion in the eighth exon ofTaGW2(977 bp) and two SNPs (Hap-6A-A and Hap-6A-G) in the promoter region. In this study, 316 wheat varieties (lines) were detected by high resolution melting curve (HRM) analysis andHap-6A-P1/P2 molecular marker forTaGW2-6A allelic variations and their correlations with kernel length, kernel width, and thousand-kernel weight were analyzed. Furthermore, theTaGW2-6Aallelic variations were traced in the pedigree of the famous large-kernel variety Zhoumai 22. In the 977 bp position, 61 and 255 lines were detected with and without the T-base insertion, which were designated 977T and 977-genotypes, respectively. In the 977T genotypes, 29 lines were Hap-6A-A (TA) haplotype and 32 lines were Hap-6A-G (TG) haplotype. In the 977-genotypes, 160 lines were Hap-6A-A (-A) haplotype and 95 lines were Hap-6A-G (-G) haplotype. Sig-nificant difference was found in kernel length (P < 0.05), kernel width (P < 0.001) and thousand-kernel weight (P < 0.001) be-tween 977T and 977-genotypes. Similarly, significant difference was also found in kernel length (P < 0.05), kernel width (P < 0.05) and thousand-kernel weight (P < 0.001) between Hap-6A-A and Hap-6A-G haplotypes. The allelic variation inTaGW2-6A encoding region and the promoter region jointly contributed to kernel size, and the TA haplotype was superior to-A, TG, and-G haplotypes in increasing kernel width and weight. According to pedigree analysis, the Zhoumai 22 inherited the TA haplotype from the parent Huixianhong, not from the popular parent Zhou 8425B. This haplotype is inheritable stably but tends to be lost in the process of wheat breeding. The results of this study provide not only a high-throughput molecular technique to detect wheat TA haplotype but also breeding materials in marker-assisted selection of wheat.