广西植物
廣西植物
엄서식물
Guihaia
2015年
5期
733-740
,共8页
尹明华%洪森荣%夏瑾华%林国卫%王爱斌%柯维忠
尹明華%洪森榮%夏瑾華%林國衛%王愛斌%柯維忠
윤명화%홍삼영%하근화%림국위%왕애빈%가유충
低温保存%黄独%微型块茎%解剖结构%生理生化指标%遗传稳定性
低溫保存%黃獨%微型塊莖%解剖結構%生理生化指標%遺傳穩定性
저온보존%황독%미형괴경%해부결구%생리생화지표%유전은정성
low temperature conservation%Dioscorea bulbifera L.%microtuber%anatomical structure%physiological and biochemical index%genetic stability
以黄独微型块茎为材料,对其低温保存期间的解剖结构、生理生化指标进行观察,并对其低温保存后的萌发苗进行遗传稳定性检测。结果表明：低温保存时间越长,微型块茎外围细胞内的淀粉粒消失越多,至90 d时,淀粉粒消失的细胞扩延到微型块茎中部；低温保存期间,微型块茎的抗氧化酶和淀粉酶活性及其脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量均呈显著增加趋势。在低温保存的0~90 d 内,SOD活性在18~54 d 内持续增加,而在54~90 d内基本维持不变；POD活性在18~36 d内显著增加,在36~54 d内维持稳定,而在54~72 d内又开始显著增加,72~90 d趋于稳定；CAT活性变化趋势与SOD活性一致,即在18~54 d内持续增加,而在54~90 d内基本维持不变；α-淀粉酶和总淀粉酶活性在18~36 d内快速增加,在36~54 d内无显著变化,在54~90 d内持续显著增加；β-淀粉酶活性在18~54 d内显著增加,在54~72 d内维持稳定,在72~90 d内又开始显著增加；可溶性糖含量在18~36 d内显著增加,36~54 d内无显著性变化,54~90 d又开始显著增加；脯氨酸含量在18~36 d内无变化,在36~72 d内显著提高,在72~90 d内维持不变。微型块茎低温保存90 d后,其萌发苗的形态(株高、叶片数、根数和茎节长)、DNA 含量、生理指标(总叶绿素含量、SOD活性、CAT活性、POD活性、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量)及其叶片的光合特性参数(净光合速率、气孔导度、细胞间 CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、气孔限制值、水分利用效率和瞬时羧化速率)和叶绿素荧光参数(初始荧光、最大荧光、PSⅡ最大光化学效率、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率、PSⅡ实际光化学效率、开放的PSII反应中心捕获激发能效率、光化学荧光猝灭系数和非光化学猝灭系数),与常温保存的比较均无显著性差异,这表明黄独微型块茎的低温保存不会造成植株的遗传变异。
以黃獨微型塊莖為材料,對其低溫保存期間的解剖結構、生理生化指標進行觀察,併對其低溫保存後的萌髮苗進行遺傳穩定性檢測。結果錶明：低溫保存時間越長,微型塊莖外圍細胞內的澱粉粒消失越多,至90 d時,澱粉粒消失的細胞擴延到微型塊莖中部；低溫保存期間,微型塊莖的抗氧化酶和澱粉酶活性及其脯氨痠和可溶性糖含量均呈顯著增加趨勢。在低溫保存的0~90 d 內,SOD活性在18~54 d 內持續增加,而在54~90 d內基本維持不變；POD活性在18~36 d內顯著增加,在36~54 d內維持穩定,而在54~72 d內又開始顯著增加,72~90 d趨于穩定；CAT活性變化趨勢與SOD活性一緻,即在18~54 d內持續增加,而在54~90 d內基本維持不變；α-澱粉酶和總澱粉酶活性在18~36 d內快速增加,在36~54 d內無顯著變化,在54~90 d內持續顯著增加；β-澱粉酶活性在18~54 d內顯著增加,在54~72 d內維持穩定,在72~90 d內又開始顯著增加；可溶性糖含量在18~36 d內顯著增加,36~54 d內無顯著性變化,54~90 d又開始顯著增加；脯氨痠含量在18~36 d內無變化,在36~72 d內顯著提高,在72~90 d內維持不變。微型塊莖低溫保存90 d後,其萌髮苗的形態(株高、葉片數、根數和莖節長)、DNA 含量、生理指標(總葉綠素含量、SOD活性、CAT活性、POD活性、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量)及其葉片的光閤特性參數(淨光閤速率、氣孔導度、細胞間 CO2濃度、蒸騰速率、氣孔限製值、水分利用效率和瞬時羧化速率)和葉綠素熒光參數(初始熒光、最大熒光、PSⅡ最大光化學效率、PSⅡ潛在光化學效率、PSⅡ實際光化學效率、開放的PSII反應中心捕穫激髮能效率、光化學熒光猝滅繫數和非光化學猝滅繫數),與常溫保存的比較均無顯著性差異,這錶明黃獨微型塊莖的低溫保存不會造成植株的遺傳變異。
이황독미형괴경위재료,대기저온보존기간적해부결구、생리생화지표진행관찰,병대기저온보존후적맹발묘진행유전은정성검측。결과표명：저온보존시간월장,미형괴경외위세포내적정분립소실월다,지90 d시,정분립소실적세포확연도미형괴경중부；저온보존기간,미형괴경적항양화매화정분매활성급기포안산화가용성당함량균정현저증가추세。재저온보존적0~90 d 내,SOD활성재18~54 d 내지속증가,이재54~90 d내기본유지불변；POD활성재18~36 d내현저증가,재36~54 d내유지은정,이재54~72 d내우개시현저증가,72~90 d추우은정；CAT활성변화추세여SOD활성일치,즉재18~54 d내지속증가,이재54~90 d내기본유지불변；α-정분매화총정분매활성재18~36 d내쾌속증가,재36~54 d내무현저변화,재54~90 d내지속현저증가；β-정분매활성재18~54 d내현저증가,재54~72 d내유지은정,재72~90 d내우개시현저증가；가용성당함량재18~36 d내현저증가,36~54 d내무현저성변화,54~90 d우개시현저증가；포안산함량재18~36 d내무변화,재36~72 d내현저제고,재72~90 d내유지불변。미형괴경저온보존90 d후,기맹발묘적형태(주고、협편수、근수화경절장)、DNA 함량、생리지표(총협록소함량、SOD활성、CAT활성、POD활성、가용성당함량화가용성단백함량)급기협편적광합특성삼수(정광합속솔、기공도도、세포간 CO2농도、증등속솔、기공한제치、수분이용효솔화순시최화속솔)화협록소형광삼수(초시형광、최대형광、PSⅡ최대광화학효솔、PSⅡ잠재광화학효솔、PSⅡ실제광화학효솔、개방적PSII반응중심포획격발능효솔、광화학형광졸멸계수화비광화학졸멸계수),여상온보존적비교균무현저성차이,저표명황독미형괴경적저온보존불회조성식주적유전변이。
Using Dioscorea bulbifera microtubers as material,the anatomical structure and the physiological and bio-chemical indexes of microtubers during low-temperature conservation were observed and measured,the genetic stabil-ity of germination seedlings after low-temperature conservation was also tested in this article.The results were as fol-lows:HE staining method was complicated,whose effect was difficult to observe.Compared with HE staining meth-od,safranin fast green staining was much simpler,whose effect was better.Therefore,Safranin-fast green method was more suitable for staining of D.bulbifera microtubers;Without low temperature conservation,the starch grains in the cells around D.bulbifera microtuber has not begun to be exploited and be still conserved.When D.bulbifera microtuber treated with low temperature,the starch grains in the cells surrounding microtuber began to disappear.The longer the conservation time is,the more the cell number with no starch grains also increased.The starch grains in cells had started to translate into other substances for cell life activities during low temperature stor-age.When conserving for 90 d,the cell whose starch grains disappeared extended to the middle of the microtuber;During the low temperature conservation period,the antioxidase,the amylase activity,the proline content and the sol-uble sugar content of D.bulbifera microtubers all showed an increasing trend;During the low temperature conserva-tion of D.bulbifera microtubers for 0-90 d,SOD activity during 18-54 d continued to increase,and SOD activity during 54-90 d still remained unchanged;POD activity increased significantly within 18-36 d,maintained stability within 3-54 d,increased significantly during 54-72 d,kept stable again in 72-90 d;CAT activity trends is consist-ent with the SOD activity,which continued to increase in 18-54 d,and remain unchanged in 54-90 d;α-amylase and total amylase activity increased rapidly in 18-36 d,had no significant change in 36-54 d and continuously increased significantl in 54-90 d;β-amylase activity increased significantly in 18-54 d,maintained stability within the 54-72 d,and began to increase significantly within the 72- 90 d;Soluble sugar content increased significantly within 18-36 d,had no significant change within 36-54 d,and began to increase significantly during 54-90 d;Proline content had no change in 18-36 d,increased significantly in 36-72 d,and remained unchanged in 72-90 d.There was no signif-icant difference between the seedling germinated from D.bulbifera microtubers stored at low temperature for 90 d and the seedling germinated from D.bulbifera microtubers without low temperature conservation in morphology (average plantlet length,average leaf number,average interstem length and average root number),DNA content, physiological index (total chlorophyll content,superoxidase dismutase activity,catalase activity,peroxidase activity, soluble sugar content and soluble protein content)and its leaf photosynthetic characteristics parameters (net photo-synthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration,transpiration rate,stomatal limitation value, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation rate)and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (initial fluores-cence,maximal fluorescence,the most photochemical efficiency of PS II,the potential photochemical efficiency of PS II,the actual photochemical efficiency of PS II,captured excitation energy efficiency of open PSII reaction center,pho-tochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient),which indi-cated that low temperature conservation of D.bulbifera microtuber could not cause genetic variation of the seedling.
