广西植物
廣西植物
엄서식물
Guihaia
2015年
5期
685-691
,共7页
范茜茜%汪志辉%熊博%廖凤玲%高婧斐%张婷婷
範茜茜%汪誌輝%熊博%廖鳳玲%高婧斐%張婷婷
범천천%왕지휘%웅박%료봉령%고청비%장정정
调控措施%花期%顶芽%内源激素%成花坐果
調控措施%花期%頂芽%內源激素%成花坐果
조공조시%화기%정아%내원격소%성화좌과
regulation measures%flowering stage%terminal bud%endogenous hormones%flower-formation and fruit-setting
以当地主栽龙眼品种‘泸丰一号’为材料，在龙眼花芽形态分化期开始前，采取树冠喷施不同比例的生理调节剂、骨干枝环割、断根等调控措施，定期测定花芽分化期顶芽内源激素，在花芽分化完成后统计成花坐果率，研究调控措施对龙眼顶芽激素含量动态变化和成花坐果率的影响.结果表明：几种措施处理都不同程度地提高了龙眼的成花坐果率，适当浓度(150 mg?L-1及100 mg?L-1)乙烯调节剂组合调控措施可以显著提高树体的雌花数、雌花率及坐果率，其中雌花率分别比对照提高了32．57％和38．22％；各处理的冲梢率显著低于对照，其中处理B(100 mg?L-1乙烯利调节剂组合)的冲梢率(18．58％)最低，比对照低34．18％，且芽轴增长率与冲梢率呈显著正相关，其中以150．00 mg?L-1多效唑＋100．00 mg?L-1乙烯利＋1．0 mg?L-1细胞分裂素配制好的药液均匀喷洒在树冠上的处理效果最优.几种措施对于龙眼顶芽中的激素及激素的平衡的影响表现为GA3含量和ABA含量在花序主轴分化期较高，在多级侧花序快速分化期则处于较低水平，整个形态分化期ZT始终保持较低水平，则利于防止龙眼成花逆转，从而促进龙眼花芽分化；IAA含量受各处理影响变化较为复杂，并未呈现出较强的规律性；从激素比例方面看，龙眼顶芽在花序主轴分化前期 IAA/GA3比值较低，末期ZT/GA3比值较高则有利于成花，在整个形态分化期 ZT/ABA 及 GA3/ABA 都处在较低的水平，可有效抑制成花逆转.研究结果可为龙眼的成花机理以及四川泸州地区龙眼的优质丰产栽培提供理论依据.
以噹地主栽龍眼品種‘瀘豐一號’為材料，在龍眼花芽形態分化期開始前，採取樹冠噴施不同比例的生理調節劑、骨榦枝環割、斷根等調控措施，定期測定花芽分化期頂芽內源激素，在花芽分化完成後統計成花坐果率，研究調控措施對龍眼頂芽激素含量動態變化和成花坐果率的影響.結果錶明：幾種措施處理都不同程度地提高瞭龍眼的成花坐果率，適噹濃度(150 mg?L-1及100 mg?L-1)乙烯調節劑組閤調控措施可以顯著提高樹體的雌花數、雌花率及坐果率，其中雌花率分彆比對照提高瞭32．57％和38．22％；各處理的遲梢率顯著低于對照，其中處理B(100 mg?L-1乙烯利調節劑組閤)的遲梢率(18．58％)最低，比對照低34．18％，且芽軸增長率與遲梢率呈顯著正相關，其中以150．00 mg?L-1多效唑＋100．00 mg?L-1乙烯利＋1．0 mg?L-1細胞分裂素配製好的藥液均勻噴灑在樹冠上的處理效果最優.幾種措施對于龍眼頂芽中的激素及激素的平衡的影響錶現為GA3含量和ABA含量在花序主軸分化期較高，在多級側花序快速分化期則處于較低水平，整箇形態分化期ZT始終保持較低水平，則利于防止龍眼成花逆轉，從而促進龍眼花芽分化；IAA含量受各處理影響變化較為複雜，併未呈現齣較彊的規律性；從激素比例方麵看，龍眼頂芽在花序主軸分化前期 IAA/GA3比值較低，末期ZT/GA3比值較高則有利于成花，在整箇形態分化期 ZT/ABA 及 GA3/ABA 都處在較低的水平，可有效抑製成花逆轉.研究結果可為龍眼的成花機理以及四川瀘州地區龍眼的優質豐產栽培提供理論依據.
이당지주재용안품충‘로봉일호’위재료，재용안화아형태분화기개시전，채취수관분시불동비례적생리조절제、골간지배할、단근등조공조시，정기측정화아분화기정아내원격소，재화아분화완성후통계성화좌과솔，연구조공조시대용안정아격소함량동태변화화성화좌과솔적영향.결과표명：궤충조시처리도불동정도지제고료용안적성화좌과솔，괄당농도(150 mg?L-1급100 mg?L-1)을희조절제조합조공조시가이현저제고수체적자화수、자화솔급좌과솔，기중자화솔분별비대조제고료32．57％화38．22％；각처리적충소솔현저저우대조，기중처리B(100 mg?L-1을희리조절제조합)적충소솔(18．58％)최저，비대조저34．18％，차아축증장솔여충소솔정현저정상관，기중이150．00 mg?L-1다효서＋100．00 mg?L-1을희리＋1．0 mg?L-1세포분렬소배제호적약액균균분쇄재수관상적처리효과최우.궤충조시대우용안정아중적격소급격소적평형적영향표현위GA3함량화ABA함량재화서주축분화기교고，재다급측화서쾌속분화기칙처우교저수평，정개형태분화기ZT시종보지교저수평，칙리우방지용안성화역전，종이촉진용안화아분화；IAA함량수각처리영향변화교위복잡，병미정현출교강적규률성；종격소비례방면간，용안정아재화서주축분화전기 IAA/GA3비치교저，말기ZT/GA3비치교고칙유리우성화，재정개형태분화기 ZT/ABA 급 GA3/ABA 도처재교저적수평，가유효억제성화역전.연구결과가위용안적성화궤리이급사천로주지구용안적우질봉산재배제공이론의거.
In this paper,‘Lu Feng No.1’which is mainly cultured longan varieties in Luzhou was chosed as the research obj ect.And we chose some experimental measurements on the basis of the local methods to promote floral bud differentiation.Before flower bud morphological differentiation,taking several regulation measures of spraying growth regulator in different proportions,girdling the primary branches and root pruning with coating the earth,we regularly measured endogenous hormones in terminal bud at flower bud differentiation period by every 1 5 d.When the differentiation finished,we calculated the rate of flower and fruit setting to dis-cuss effects of regulation measures on change of endogenous hormones in terminal bud at flowering stage and flower formation and fruit setting.We analysed all experimental data for researching mechanism of flower for-mation.The result showed that all of these measures improved flower rate and fruit setting rate in different degrees remarkably.However,the control measures of ethylene regulator combination with appropriate con-centrations (150 mg?L-1 and 100 mg?L-1)could improve the number of trees female flowers,female flowers rate and fruit-bearing rate of trees,among which the female flowers rate improved respectively by 32.57% and 38.22% than CK,the tip-blunting rate of each treatment was significantly lower than CK,and the tip-blunting rate (18.58%)of treatment B (100 mg?L-1 ethylene regulator combination)was the minimum,which was 34.18% lower than CK,and the growth rate of bud axis and tip-blunting rate have significant positive correla-tion.The different treatments improved the flowering and fruit-bearing status of longan body in different de-grees,inhibited flowering reversion occurring effectively,and the effects of the treatment spraying mixed liquor consisted of 150.00 mg?L-1 mutli-effect triazole an 100.00 mg?L-1 ethephon and 1.0 mg?L-1 6-benzyl-aminopurine evenly in the crown most excellent.For the hormones in terminal buds,these contents and hor-mone balance were changed by the different measures.The results were as follows:with higher GA3 and ABA contents in the spindle differentiation stage,then GA3 content and ABA content keeping at a low level in multi-level side inflorescence rapidly-differentiation stage,lower ZT level in the entire morphological differentiation, and that was good for preventing longan flower from reversing and promoting longan bud differentiating.The change of IAA content affection was relatively complex,and its regularity was not strong.Viewing the point of hormones content proportion,smaller ratio of IAA/GA3 in the spindle differentiation stage,the bigger ratio of ZT/ABA before purple inflorescence primordia appearing-period and the lower ratio of ZT/ABA and GA3/ABA in hole morphological differentiation,which were beneficial to longan flowering.The study would provide theoretical basis for Luzhou longan high quality and high yield cultivation.
