CAJ | 학술논문

利用石蜡切片技术，对川东獐牙菜(Swertia davidii)的胚胎发育过程进行显微观察，并根据现有资料，对獐牙菜属的几种植物进行了比较胚胎学研究。结果表明：川东獐牙菜花药四室，药壁发育为基本型，绒毡层异型起源，为腺质绒毡层，发育后期药室内观察到的绒毡层核是早期该层细胞有丝分裂凸入药室并原位退化形成的，中层细胞3层，药室内壁退化，花药壁表皮宿存，细胞柱状伸长，纤维状加厚；小孢母细胞减数分裂为同时型，四分体排列方式主要为四面体形和左右对称型，少数为“T”形和十字交叉形，成熟花粉为2-细胞类型；子房2心皮、1室，侧膜胎座；薄珠心，单珠被，倒弯生胚珠，大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成4个大孢子直线形排列，合点端的大孢子具功能，雄配子体发育为蓼型；2个极核在受精前融合为1次生核，合点端3个反足细胞宿存，每个细胞均多核和异常膨大，形成明显的反足吸器，并在胚乳之外形成染色较深的类似“外胚乳”结构；珠孔受精，受精作用属于有丝分裂前类型；胚乳发育为核型，胚胎发育为茄型；果实成熟时，种子发育至心形胚阶段；反足细胞在龙胆科一些短命植物中的宿存与分裂具有重要的生殖适应与进化意义。
이용석사절편기술，대천동장아채(Swertia davidii)적배태발육과정진행현미관찰，병근거현유자료，대장아채속적궤충식물진행료비교배태학연구。결과표명：천동장아채화약사실，약벽발육위기본형，융전층이형기원，위선질융전층，발육후기약실내관찰도적융전층핵시조기해층세포유사분렬철입약실병원위퇴화형성적，중층세포3층，약실내벽퇴화，화약벽표피숙존，세포주상신장，섬유상가후；소포모세포감수분렬위동시형，사분체배렬방식주요위사면체형화좌우대칭형，소수위“T”형화십자교차형，성숙화분위2-세포류형；자방2심피、1실，측막태좌；박주심，단주피，도만생배주，대포자모세포감수분렬형성4개대포자직선형배렬，합점단적대포자구공능，웅배자체발육위료형；2개겁핵재수정전융합위1차생핵，합점단3개반족세포숙존，매개세포균다핵화이상팽대，형성명현적반족흡기，병재배유지외형성염색교심적유사“외배유”결구；주공수정，수정작용속우유사분렬전류형；배유발육위핵형，배태발육위가형；과실성숙시，충자발육지심형배계단；반족세포재룡담과일사단명식물중적숙존여분렬구유중요적생식괄응여진화의의。
The study includes the development of microsporangium,male gametophy,megasporogenesis,female game-tophyte and embryogeny of Swertia davidii.The main results were as follows:anthers were tetrasporangiate.The development of anther walls conforms to the basic type and comprises of epidermis,endothecium,three middle layers and tapetum at the mature stage.The tapetum cells had dual origins and belonged to the glandular type,for the an-ther locules had degenerating tapetum nuclei in the middle,which were from the early dividing and intruding of the ta-petum.Three middle layers were ephemeral,endothecium reduced and epidermis persists and developed to become fi-brous-thickening.The cytokinesis of the microspore mother cell in meiosis was the Simultaneous type.Most of the microspore tetrads were tetrahedral and there were still a few other types,such as isobilateral,dilateral and “T”-shaped.Pollen grains were 2-celled when shed.The ovary was bicarpellate,unilocular with some series of ovules loca-ted at the parietal placentation.The ovule was unitegmic,enuinucellar and ana-campylotropous.The female gameto-phyte originated from the single-archesporial cell.The one chalazal megaspore in linear tetrad became the functional megaspore.The development of female gametophyte was the polygonum type.Before fertilization,two polar nuclei fused into a secondary nucleus.Three antipodal cells had multiseriate nuclei and distinct haustorium,and persisted like a layer of“outer endosperm”j ust out of the endosperm nucleus layer.Fertilization was porogamous and of premi-totic syngamy type.The development of endosperm conformed to nuclear type and the embryogeny corresponded to the solanum type.The embryo was at the early heart-shaped stage when seeds released from the capsule.The divid-ing and persisting of the antipodal cells in some annual Gentianaceous plants were of significance in reproductive adap-tation and evolution.At the same time,comparative embryology among some species of Swertia was studied basing on some recent data.