CAJ | 학술논문

试验采用两种粒径保水剂，结合不同施氮水平，研究保水剂与氮肥配施对小麦光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明，666．7m2施纯氮10 kg 和20 kg 条件下，高氮处理显著增加小麦产量；氮肥与保水剂配施处理较不施用保水剂的等氮量处理小麦均增产显著；大粒径保水剂与氮肥配施处理的产量显著高于小粒径保水剂与等氮量配施处理。拔节期、开花期和灌浆中期以及灌浆末期大粒径保水剂处理的归一化差值植被指数（NDVI）均大于等氮量的小粒径保水剂处理。施氮量相同情况下，大粒径保水剂处理旗叶净光合速率高于小粒径保水剂处理，并且在灌浆末期仍能保持高于其他处理的净光合速率；施氮量与保水剂粒径均一致情况下，每666．7m2麦田施用保水剂0．5 kg 和1．0 kg 旗叶净光合速率差异不显著。各处理光合水分利用效率在整个小麦灌浆期内的变化规律同光合速率变化规律一致，呈逐渐下降趋势；大粒径保水剂结合氮肥施用处理其光合水分利用效率高于小粒径保水剂配施等氮量处理。本试验结果表明，N20＋LA0．5为最优处理，即每666．7m2施纯氮20 kg 结合使用粒径1．6～4．0 mm 的保水剂0．5 kg 能够改善小麦生育后期的群体状况，提高旗叶光合速率和光合水分利用效率，增加小麦产量。
시험채용량충립경보수제，결합불동시담수평，연구보수제여담비배시대소맥광합특성급산량적영향。결과표명，666．7m2시순담10 kg 화20 kg 조건하，고담처리현저증가소맥산량；담비여보수제배시처리교불시용보수제적등담량처리소맥균증산현저；대립경보수제여담비배시처리적산량현저고우소립경보수제여등담량배시처리。발절기、개화기화관장중기이급관장말기대립경보수제처리적귀일화차치식피지수（NDVI）균대우등담량적소립경보수제처리。시담량상동정황하，대립경보수제처리기협정광합속솔고우소립경보수제처리，병차재관장말기잉능보지고우기타처리적정광합속솔；시담량여보수제립경균일치정황하，매666．7m2맥전시용보수제0．5 kg 화1．0 kg 기협정광합속솔차이불현저。각처리광합수분이용효솔재정개소맥관장기내적변화규률동광합속솔변화규률일치，정축점하강추세；대립경보수제결합담비시용처리기광합수분이용효솔고우소립경보수제배시등담량처리。본시험결과표명，N20＋LA0．5위최우처리，즉매666．7m2시순담20 kg 결합사용립경1．6～4．0 mm 적보수제0．5 kg 능구개선소맥생육후기적군체상황，제고기협광합속솔화광합수분이용효솔，증가소맥산량。
Two sizes of water retaining agents (WRA)combined with different nitrogen application rates were designed to study their effects on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of wheat.The results showed that the wheat yield increased significantly by high nitrogen application (20 kg pure nitrogen per 666.7m2 );the yield increased significantly under the treatments of combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and WRA;combined application of larger size of WRA could significantly increase the wheat yield compared to the smaller size of WRA under the same application of nitrogen.The NDVI value was higher under larger size of WRA treatments than that of smaller size of WRA treatments at wheat jointing,anthesis,middle grain -filling stages and later grain -filling stage.Under the same nitrogen application,the net photosynthetic ratio (Pn)of flag leaves was higher under the larger size of WRA treatments than that under the smaller size of WRA treatments,even at later grain -filling stage.The differences in Pn of flag leaves between the treatments of 0.5 kg and 1.0 kg WRA per 666.7m2 was not significant under the same nitrogen application rate and WRA size.The photosynthetic water use efficiency (WUEphoto)showed a decreasing trend at the whole fill-ing stage,and it was higher when combined with larger size of WRA than that with smaller size of WRA.The treatment with 20 kg pure nitrogen combined with 0.5 kg 1.6 ~4.0 mm WRA per 666.7m2 was optimum, which could improve the population status of wheat in later growth period,increase the Pn and WUEphoto of flag leaves,and the grain yield of wheat.