CAJ | 학술논문

以长江下游地区大面积种植的4种类型(籼粳杂交稻、常规粳稻、杂交粳稻和杂交籼稻)水稻品种中有代表性的品种为材料,设置6个氮肥水平(0、187.5、225.0、262.5、300.0、337.5 kg hm–2),比较研究其氮肥群体最高生产力及其产量构成、关键生育阶段天数、主要生育时期的叶面积指数和干物重。结果表明：(1)杂交籼稻获得最高生产力对应的施氮量为225.0~262.5 kg hm–2,常规粳稻为300.0 kg hm–2,杂交粳稻和籼粳杂交稻为262.5~300.0 kg hm–2。(2)氮肥群体最高生产力以籼粳杂交稻最高,达12.2(12.0~12.3) t hm–2,较杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻分别高出6.6%、9.8%和19.6%(两年平均值)。群体颖花量和每穗粒数均以籼粳杂交稻最高,但其每穗粒数年度间波动较大。穗数和结实率以常规粳稻最高。(3)播种至抽穗期天数以杂交粳稻最长,抽穗至成熟期天数则以籼粳杂交稻最长,达60 d左右。全生育期天数呈杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>籼粳杂交稻>杂交籼稻。两年中日产量以籼粳杂交稻最高。(4)籼粳杂交稻在抽穗、抽穗后20 d和成熟期的叶面积指数和干物重均显著高于另外3种类型品种,且抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量也最高。此外,籼粳杂交稻在拔节至抽穗期以及抽穗至成熟期的光合势显著高于另外3种类型品种。较多的每穗粒数、较长的灌浆期天数以及较高的日产量、生育后期(抽穗至成熟期)较强的光合物质生产能力是籼粳杂交稻氮肥群体最高生产力形成的重要原因和基础。
이장강하유지구대면적충식적4충류형(선갱잡교도、상규갱도、잡교갱도화잡교선도)수도품충중유대표성적품충위재료,설치6개담비수평(0、187.5、225.0、262.5、300.0、337.5 kg hm–2),비교연구기담비군체최고생산력급기산량구성、관건생육계단천수、주요생육시기적협면적지수화간물중。결과표명：(1)잡교선도획득최고생산력대응적시담량위225.0~262.5 kg hm–2,상규갱도위300.0 kg hm–2,잡교갱도화선갱잡교도위262.5~300.0 kg hm–2。(2)담비군체최고생산력이선갱잡교도최고,체12.2(12.0~12.3) t hm–2,교잡교갱도、상규갱도화잡교선도분별고출6.6%、9.8%화19.6%(량년평균치)。군체영화량화매수립수균이선갱잡교도최고,단기매수립수년도간파동교대。수수화결실솔이상규갱도최고。(3)파충지추수기천수이잡교갱도최장,추수지성숙기천수칙이선갱잡교도최장,체60 d좌우。전생육기천수정잡교갱도>상규갱도>선갱잡교도>잡교선도。량년중일산량이선갱잡교도최고。(4)선갱잡교도재추수、추수후20 d화성숙기적협면적지수화간물중균현저고우령외3충류형품충,차추수지성숙기적간물질적루량야최고。차외,선갱잡교도재발절지추수기이급추수지성숙기적광합세현저고우령외3충류형품충。교다적매수립수、교장적관장기천수이급교고적일산량、생육후기(추수지성숙기)교강적광합물질생산능력시선갱잡교도담비군체최고생산력형성적중요원인화기출。
A field experiment was conducted using the representative varieties of four types (indica/japonica hybrid rice, inbred japonica rice, hybridjaponica rice, and hybrid indica rice) to achieve the highest rice yield for each variety that is defined as the highest population productivity of N fertilization at six nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 187.5, 225.0, 262.5, 300.0, and 337.5 kg ha–1). On this basis, the differences in yield components, duration of main growth stages, dry matter weight, and leaf area index at main growth stages for four types were studied. The results were as follows: (1) The highest grain yield rice was achieved under 225.0–262.5 kg ha–1 nitrogen application for hybridindica, 300.0 kg ha–1 for inbredjaponica rice, 262.5–300.0 kg ha–1 for hybrid japonica rice and 262.5–300.0 kg ha–1 forindica/japonica hybrid rice. (2) The population productivity ofindica/japonica hybrid rice was the highest, followed by hybridjaponica rice, inbredjaponica rice, and hybridindica rice.Indica/japonica hybrid rice had more spikelets and spikelets per panicle, but great fluctuation was observed in number of spikelets per panicle across two years. Inbredjaponica rice had more panicles and higher seed-setting rate while hybridjaponica rice had the highest 1000-grain yield weight. (3) The longest duration from sowing to heading stages was observed for hybridjaponica rice. The duration from heading to maturity ofindica/japonica hybrid rice was about 60 d, which was significantly higher than that of other three variety types. Grain yield per day of japonica/indica hybrids was the highest among the four variety types in two years. (4) The dry matter weight and leaf area index at heading, 20 d after heading, and maturity stage of indica/japonica hybrid rice were higher higher than thoes of other three variety types. As for dry matter accumulation, indica/japonica hybrid rice was the highest from heading to maturity stage. Moreover, the leaf area duration from jointing to heading and from heading to maturity in indica/japonica hybrid rice was also higher than that of other three variety types. Great yield ofjaponica/indica hybrids of Yongyou series over other three variety types is mainly attributed to more spikelets per panicle, longer filling phase, higher grain yield per day and biomass production after heading.