CAJ | 학술논문

遗产地环境容量的测量与管理，是涉及许多学科的研究命题。传统的环境容量研究是以静态测量为技术手段，获得的是每一个特定空间静态容人量的最佳值和饱和值。但现实中影响环境容量的主体———游客的行为是动态的，而且在山岳型遗产地的线形游览空间中，不同节点的环境空间特征是多样化的，当游客集中到访时，同样规模的客流对不同特征的环境空间所造成的压力不同，这就使静态测量的环境容量值在管理实践中失去了效力。本文引入时间维度、遵循旅游流时空聚集规律提出了山岳型遗产地环境容量动态管理的新方法———旅游流时空卡口识别，并以世界自然和文化遗产泰山为案例进行了实证研究，运用时间地理学方法分析旅游流时空分布特征识别泰山中路旅游流时空卡口。实证分析结果表明，泰山中路旅游流时空卡口主要集中分布在红门、经石峪、中天门、南天门、天街、玉皇顶、日观峰七个空间区域，而时间上则相对分散，在各个时段都出现了旅游流时空卡口；整个泰山中路的旅游流时空卡口仅占全部时空区域5.52%，但却吸引了接近50.04%的游客在此聚集停留。由此可见，对于时空卡口的观测和管理，是山岳型遗产地保护与管理工作的最关键环节。文章最后从调节游客个体行为、动态控制旅游容量、建立智慧旅游预警系统三个方面，讨论了旅游流时空卡口识别法在山岳型遗产地环境容量管理中的应用前景。旅游流时空卡口概念的提出及识别方法的构建，不仅在理论上弥补了旅游环境容量测算体系的缺陷，更在遗产地环境容量、资源与游客安全管理体系中解决了旅游流动态监控、及时预警、提前调节等关键问题，实现了遗产地旅游开放状态下的环境、资源与游客管理的安全可控。遺產地環境容量的測量與管理，是涉及許多學科的研究命題。傳統的環境容量研究是以靜態測量為技術手段，穫得的是每一箇特定空間靜態容人量的最佳值和飽和值。但現實中影響環境容量的主體———遊客的行為是動態的，而且在山嶽型遺產地的線形遊覽空間中，不同節點的環境空間特徵是多樣化的，噹遊客集中到訪時，同樣規模的客流對不同特徵的環境空間所造成的壓力不同，這就使靜態測量的環境容量值在管理實踐中失去瞭效力。本文引入時間維度、遵循旅遊流時空聚集規律提齣瞭山嶽型遺產地環境容量動態管理的新方法———旅遊流時空卡口識彆，併以世界自然和文化遺產泰山為案例進行瞭實證研究，運用時間地理學方法分析旅遊流時空分佈特徵識彆泰山中路旅遊流時空卡口。實證分析結果錶明，泰山中路旅遊流時空卡口主要集中分佈在紅門、經石峪、中天門、南天門、天街、玉皇頂、日觀峰七箇空間區域，而時間上則相對分散，在各箇時段都齣現瞭旅遊流時空卡口；整箇泰山中路的旅遊流時空卡口僅佔全部時空區域5.52%，但卻吸引瞭接近50.04%的遊客在此聚集停留。由此可見，對于時空卡口的觀測和管理，是山嶽型遺產地保護與管理工作的最關鍵環節。文章最後從調節遊客箇體行為、動態控製旅遊容量、建立智慧旅遊預警繫統三箇方麵，討論瞭旅遊流時空卡口識彆法在山嶽型遺產地環境容量管理中的應用前景。旅遊流時空卡口概唸的提齣及識彆方法的構建，不僅在理論上瀰補瞭旅遊環境容量測算體繫的缺陷，更在遺產地環境容量、資源與遊客安全管理體繫中解決瞭旅遊流動態鑑控、及時預警、提前調節等關鍵問題，實現瞭遺產地旅遊開放狀態下的環境、資源與遊客管理的安全可控。
유산지배경용량적측량여관리，시섭급허다학과적연구명제。전통적배경용량연구시이정태측량위기술수단，획득적시매일개특정공간정태용인량적최가치화포화치。단현실중영향배경용량적주체———유객적행위시동태적，이차재산악형유산지적선형유람공간중，불동절점적배경공간특정시다양화적，당유객집중도방시，동양규모적객류대불동특정적배경공간소조성적압력불동，저취사정태측량적배경용량치재관리실천중실거료효력。본문인입시간유도、준순여유류시공취집규률제출료산악형유산지배경용량동태관리적신방법———여유류시공잡구식별，병이세계자연화문화유산태산위안례진행료실증연구，운용시간지이학방법분석여유류시공분포특정식별태산중로여유류시공잡구。실증분석결과표명，태산중로여유류시공잡구주요집중분포재홍문、경석욕、중천문、남천문、천가、옥황정、일관봉칠개공간구역，이시간상칙상대분산，재각개시단도출현료여유류시공잡구；정개태산중로적여유류시공잡구부점전부시공구역5.52%，단각흡인료접근50.04%적유객재차취집정류。유차가견，대우시공잡구적관측화관리，시산악형유산지보호여관리공작적최관건배절。문장최후종조절유객개체행위、동태공제여유용량、건립지혜여유예경계통삼개방면，토론료여유류시공잡구식별법재산악형유산지배경용량관리중적응용전경。여유류시공잡구개념적제출급식별방법적구건，불부재이론상미보료여유배경용량측산체계적결함，경재유산지배경용량、자원여유객안전관리체계중해결료여유류동태감공、급시예경、제전조절등관건문제，실현료유산지여유개방상태하적배경、자원여유객관리적안전가공。
Assessment and management of heritage carrying capacity involve many disciplines. Traditional static measurements obtain the optimal value and saturation value for a certain space, which is the main technical method of traditional carrying capacity study. However, tourists, the subjects who affect carrying capacity of environment are dynamic. Especially, as to Mountain heritage sites, its environmental capacity are relatively limited for their topography characteristics. Massive and concentrated visits will not only increase the pressure of environmental protection, but also influence the quality of tourist experience, and even sometimes threaten tourist physical security. Traditional researches on tourism environmental capacity mainly depend on static measurement. By introducing time dimension and analyzing the rule of spatiotemporal distribution of tourist flow, this paper proposed a new method of dynamic management of carrying capacity in mountain heritage through putting forward the concept of “the spatiotemporal bayonet of tourist flow”, and recognizes it with time geography method. The results of data analysis of Mountain Tai show that there are seven spatial bayonets, which are Red Gate, Stone Valley, Half Way Gate to Heaven, South Gate to Heaven, Tianjie, Jade Emperor Peak and Riguan peak, while the temporal bayonets are decentralization relatively. All those temporal-spatial bayonets of the middle route in Mountain Tai only account for 5. 52% of the whole area, which attract almost 50. 04% tourists. Hence one can see that, recognition and management of Space-Time Bayonet of tourists flow is quite important to dynamic management of carrying capacity in mountain heritage. Besides, this paper discussed the academic contribution of the spatiotemporal bayonet of tourist flow and its potential application practically through regulating tourist ’s behavior, controlling tourism environmental capacity dynamically and building intelligent early-warning system three aspect. The concept of Space-Time Bayonet of tourists flow not only made up for the defects of traditional measurement method of tourist carrying capacity, but also resolved the key practical problems in heritage carrying capacity management system, such as dynamic monitor of tourist flow, early warning, and regulation in advance.