中国人口·资源与环境
中國人口·資源與環境
중국인구·자원여배경
China Population Resources and Environment
2015年
10期
150-156
,共7页
脆弱性%扶贫监测数据%贫困线%冲击性事件
脆弱性%扶貧鑑測數據%貧睏線%遲擊性事件
취약성%부빈감측수거%빈곤선%충격성사건
vulnerability%poverty monitoring data%poverty line%shocks
农户脆弱性能够更为全面反映贫困地区农户的福利状态。采用预期贫困的脆弱性测量方法,在1274元和2300元两条贫困线下,首次利用具有全国代表性的中国农村贫困监测调查53271个农户微观数据对贫困地区农户脆弱性进行测量,描述了脆弱农户的家庭特征和社区特征,分析了不同地形之下汉族和少数民族农户脆弱性的影响因素。研究发现,在1274元和2300元贫困线下,农户陷入未来贫困的平均可能性分别为15.20%、49.49%。脆弱性测量和贫困测量的结果存在较大差异。随贫困线标准提高,脆弱性测量与贫困测量的不一致程度增大。高度脆弱农户具有较大家庭规模、人力资本不足、病人数量多、抚养比高、资产价值少的家庭特征,且更可能分布在山区、革命老区县、陆地边境县和少数民族聚居村等特殊类型贫困地区。不同类型地区农户脆弱性的影响因素存在差异,但冲击性事件是主要影响因素。当年有建房或买房、有婚丧嫁娶大事、有子女上大学、有大病治疗情况、旱灾等冲击性事件是各个地区农户脆弱性的共性影响因素,家庭规模、人力资本状况和房屋价值也是影响农户脆弱程度的重要因素。根据研究结论,提出相应政策建议:第一,应将贫困测量和脆弱性测量方法结合起来进行贫困瞄准;第二,未来扶贫政策制定中更应关注特殊类型贫困地区的农户;第三,在贫困标准提高的情况下,减贫的同时还应注重降低农户的脆弱性,重点是减小冲击性事件对贫困农户福利的影响。
農戶脆弱性能夠更為全麵反映貧睏地區農戶的福利狀態。採用預期貧睏的脆弱性測量方法,在1274元和2300元兩條貧睏線下,首次利用具有全國代錶性的中國農村貧睏鑑測調查53271箇農戶微觀數據對貧睏地區農戶脆弱性進行測量,描述瞭脆弱農戶的傢庭特徵和社區特徵,分析瞭不同地形之下漢族和少數民族農戶脆弱性的影響因素。研究髮現,在1274元和2300元貧睏線下,農戶陷入未來貧睏的平均可能性分彆為15.20%、49.49%。脆弱性測量和貧睏測量的結果存在較大差異。隨貧睏線標準提高,脆弱性測量與貧睏測量的不一緻程度增大。高度脆弱農戶具有較大傢庭規模、人力資本不足、病人數量多、撫養比高、資產價值少的傢庭特徵,且更可能分佈在山區、革命老區縣、陸地邊境縣和少數民族聚居村等特殊類型貧睏地區。不同類型地區農戶脆弱性的影響因素存在差異,但遲擊性事件是主要影響因素。噹年有建房或買房、有婚喪嫁娶大事、有子女上大學、有大病治療情況、旱災等遲擊性事件是各箇地區農戶脆弱性的共性影響因素,傢庭規模、人力資本狀況和房屋價值也是影響農戶脆弱程度的重要因素。根據研究結論,提齣相應政策建議:第一,應將貧睏測量和脆弱性測量方法結閤起來進行貧睏瞄準;第二,未來扶貧政策製定中更應關註特殊類型貧睏地區的農戶;第三,在貧睏標準提高的情況下,減貧的同時還應註重降低農戶的脆弱性,重點是減小遲擊性事件對貧睏農戶福利的影響。
농호취약성능구경위전면반영빈곤지구농호적복리상태。채용예기빈곤적취약성측량방법,재1274원화2300원량조빈곤선하,수차이용구유전국대표성적중국농촌빈곤감측조사53271개농호미관수거대빈곤지구농호취약성진행측량,묘술료취약농호적가정특정화사구특정,분석료불동지형지하한족화소수민족농호취약성적영향인소。연구발현,재1274원화2300원빈곤선하,농호함입미래빈곤적평균가능성분별위15.20%、49.49%。취약성측량화빈곤측량적결과존재교대차이。수빈곤선표준제고,취약성측량여빈곤측량적불일치정도증대。고도취약농호구유교대가정규모、인력자본불족、병인수량다、무양비고、자산개치소적가정특정,차경가능분포재산구、혁명로구현、륙지변경현화소수민족취거촌등특수류형빈곤지구。불동류형지구농호취약성적영향인소존재차이,단충격성사건시주요영향인소。당년유건방혹매방、유혼상가취대사、유자녀상대학、유대병치료정황、한재등충격성사건시각개지구농호취약성적공성영향인소,가정규모、인력자본상황화방옥개치야시영향농호취약정도적중요인소。근거연구결론,제출상응정책건의:제일,응장빈곤측량화취약성측량방법결합기래진행빈곤묘준;제이,미래부빈정책제정중경응관주특수류형빈곤지구적농호;제삼,재빈곤표준제고적정황하,감빈적동시환응주중강저농호적취약성,중점시감소충격성사건대빈곤농호복리적영향。
Household vulnerability can describe household welfare comprehensively in rural poor areas. Based on the national representative China Poverty Monitoring Survey data, this paper measures the household vulnerability using vulnerability as expected poverty method under 1 274 RMB and 2 300 RMB poverty lines. This paper analyzed household and community characteristics, and determinants of household vulnerability in Han and ethnic minority districts. The conclusions are that average probabilities of household falling into poverty are 15. 20% and 49. 49% under 1 274 RMB and 2 300 RMB poverty lines. There is a big difference between vulnerability and poverty measurement. The difference is larger as poverty line increases. High vulnerable households usually have bigger family size, low human capital, more patients, high dependent ratio and less assets, tending living in mountainous areas, revolutionary base areas, frontier counties and ethnic minority areas. Determinants of household vulnerability in different type areas are different while shocks are the common determinants for vulnerable households. Building or buying houses, weddings, funerals, attending college, serious illness and droughts are the common determinants of household vulnerability. Household size, human capital and house value are also important determinants. This paper gives some suggestions on household vulnerability. Firstly, government should combine the poverty measurement and vulnerability measurement. Secondly, the poverty-reduction policies should focus on special type areas in the future. Thirdly, government should focus on reducing household vulnerability while poverty when poverty line increases, especially reducing the influence of shocks on household vulnerability.