CAJ | 학술논문

自然保护区在生态保护的同时也面临着当地发展的矛盾。本文基于陕西国家级自然保护区周边660户农民的调研数据，发现农民对政府主导的生态保护行为存在一定程度的负面情绪，主要原因是农民在提供环境服务的过程中也面临因土地产权受限导致的利益失衡问题。根据调研结果，本文指出自然保护区生态保护过程中存在收入、产权、退耕配置和生态补偿的扭曲行为。表现为农民的“失地化”、土地使用权受限、土地“闲置”、“级差配置”和“阶层配置”问题。基于以上问题，本文进一步在TRA和TPB理论的基础上，将环境行为意向作为预测行为的最重要因素，并考虑地域背景和制度背景对个体行为意向的影响，提出自然保护区地域背景和生态补偿制度缺陷下生态保护的“扭曲”行为对农民保护与发展冲突意识影响的研究假说。通过实证研究，本文发现在生态保护过程中对农民收入的长期扭曲以及“退耕配置”、“级差配置”、“阶层配置”等扭曲行为都弱化了居民的生态保护意向，而增强了其发展的意向，折射了生态保护过程中农民生态保护和求发展意向的对立冲突，这印证了本文所提出的假说。本文的研究具有以下政策启迪：一是要尊重农民作为环境服务交易主体的平等地位，改变现行“地方势力”在补偿过程中的扭曲行为；二是建立健全土地产权制度。在排他性、转移性、执法性原则的基础上推动自然保护区的民众参与、民主决策、合作共赢；三是推进失地农民的“市民化”进程，解决其长久的生计问题；三是要完善生态补偿制度，考虑农民在生态保护过程中的长久损失；四是完善野生动物侵害土地生产的补偿制度。
자연보호구재생태보호적동시야면림착당지발전적모순。본문기우협서국가급자연보호구주변660호농민적조연수거，발현농민대정부주도적생태보호행위존재일정정도적부면정서，주요원인시농민재제공배경복무적과정중야면림인토지산권수한도치적이익실형문제。근거조연결과，본문지출자연보호구생태보호과정중존재수입、산권、퇴경배치화생태보상적뉴곡행위。표현위농민적“실지화”、토지사용권수한、토지“한치”、“급차배치”화“계층배치”문제。기우이상문제，본문진일보재TRA화TPB이론적기출상，장배경행위의향작위예측행위적최중요인소，병고필지역배경화제도배경대개체행위의향적영향，제출자연보호구지역배경화생태보상제도결함하생태보호적“뉴곡”행위대농민보호여발전충돌의식영향적연구가설。통과실증연구，본문발현재생태보호과정중대농민수입적장기뉴곡이급“퇴경배치”、“급차배치”、“계층배치”등뉴곡행위도약화료거민적생태보호의향，이증강료기발전적의향，절사료생태보호과정중농민생태보호화구발전의향적대립충돌，저인증료본문소제출적가설。본문적연구구유이하정책계적：일시요존중농민작위배경복무교역주체적평등지위，개변현행“지방세력”재보상과정중적뉴곡행위；이시건립건전토지산권제도。재배타성、전이성、집법성원칙적기출상추동자연보호구적민음삼여、민주결책、합작공영；삼시추진실지농민적“시민화”진정，해결기장구적생계문제；삼시요완선생태보상제도，고필농민재생태보호과정중적장구손실；사시완선야생동물침해토지생산적보상제도。
The nature reserve is also facing the contradiction of the local development at the same time. Based on Shaanxi national natural protection zones around the survey data involving 660 households of farmers, we found that farmers had a certain degree of negative emotions for the ecological protection behavior, due to the interests imbalances caused by land property right limited. According to the research results, this paper points out that the distortion of income, property rights, grain allocation and ecological compensation exist in the process of ecological protection of nature reserves,and behaviors mentioned above cause problems of landless farmers,restricted land use rights, “idle land”, “differential configuration ”and “class configuration”. Based on TRA and TPB theories,taking environmental behavior intention as an important factor, and considering impact of regional background and system background on individual behavior intention, it put forward hypothesis that under the regional background and ecological compensation system defects, ecological protection “twisted behavior” affects farmers ’ protection and development conflict awarness. Through empirical research, this paper finds that the income of the farmers long-term distortions and land allocation”,“differential configuration”,and “class configuration”distortions weaken the intention of ecological protection of residents, and enhance the development intention, and reflect conflicts between the farmers’ ecological protection and the development intention, which confirms the hypothesis proposed in this paper. This study has the following policy implications: first, regarding farmers as the main body of environmental trading services, and changing the current“distorted behavior in the process of compensation”;second, establishing and perfecting the system of land property rights; third, promoting landless peasants “urbanization” process to resolve the long-term livelihood issues;third,to improving the ecological compensation system, and considering farmers’ long-term losses in the process of environmental protection;fourth, improving wild animal damage compensation system of land production.