CAJ | 학술논문

耕地保护区地方政府很难获取土地财政,一定程度上阻碍了地方政府财政收入的积累,损害了地方政府的经济利益,打击了地方政府保护耕地的积极性。因此,基于地方政府经济福利视角,构建耕地保护跨区域财政转移机制迫在眉睫。本文采用中国1999-2008年省际面板数据和动态面板GMM估计方法,考察了土地财政与耕地保护之间的定量关系,从地方政府经济福利视角测算了耕地保护经济补偿标准。研究结果发现,土地财政不利于耕地保护,土地财政每增加1亿元,耕地面积相应减少约91.5 hm2；进一步由转换关系可知,耕地保护经济补偿标准约为109万元/hm2。并在此基础上,结合粮食安全法下各省份的耕地赤字/盈余量,探讨耕地保护省际跨区域财政转移支付。结果表明,11个耕地赤字区共需支付补偿款757.500亿元,其中赤字最严重的广东省需支付高达158.481亿元的补偿款；10个耕地盈余区共可获取补偿款523.856亿元,其中盈余量最多的黑龙江省可获得高达132.787亿元的补偿款；10个耕地平衡区不参与财政转移支付过程。另外,分析转移支付额与当年地方财政收入之间的关系可知,各支付区的支付额占当年地方财政收入的比例约为1.30%-12.26%,均未超出当地政府的承受范围,表明财政转移支付行为具有一定的现实可操作性。研究成果能为均衡我国区域发展、保障国家粮食安全提供参考依据。
경지보호구지방정부흔난획취토지재정,일정정도상조애료지방정부재정수입적적루,손해료지방정부적경제이익,타격료지방정부보호경지적적겁성。인차,기우지방정부경제복리시각,구건경지보호과구역재정전이궤제박재미첩。본문채용중국1999-2008년성제면판수거화동태면판GMM고계방법,고찰료토지재정여경지보호지간적정량관계,종지방정부경제복리시각측산료경지보호경제보상표준。연구결과발현,토지재정불리우경지보호,토지재정매증가1억원,경지면적상응감소약91.5 hm2；진일보유전환관계가지,경지보호경제보상표준약위109만원/hm2。병재차기출상,결합양식안전법하각성빈적경지적자/영여량,탐토경지보호성제과구역재정전이지부。결과표명,11개경지적자구공수지부보상관757.500억원,기중적자최엄중적광동성수지부고체158.481억원적보상관；10개경지영여구공가획취보상관523.856억원,기중영여량최다적흑룡강성가획득고체132.787억원적보상관；10개경지평형구불삼여재정전이지부과정。령외,분석전이지부액여당년지방재정수입지간적관계가지,각지부구적지부액점당년지방재정수입적비례약위1.30%-12.26%,균미초출당지정부적승수범위,표명재정전이지부행위구유일정적현실가조작성。연구성과능위균형아국구역발전、보장국가양식안전제공삼고의거。
Local government of cultivated land protection area has less chance to obtain land revenue, which hinders the accumulation of local revenue to a certain extent, and then does harm to the economic interests of local government, thus reducing the local government’s enthusiasm of protecting cultivated land. Hence, constructing transregional compensation system is imminent from the perspective of local government economic welfare. In this paper, we quantify the effects of land finance on cultivated land protection by employing 1999-2008 provincial panel data in China and GMM dynamic panel estimation methods, thus estimating the economic compensation standard of cultivated land protection from the perspective of local government economic welfare. The results indicate that, land finance is not good for arable land protection. When land finance increases 100 million Yuan, the amount of arable land will decrease about 91. 5 hm2 approximately. That is to say the economic compensation standard of cultivated land protection is about 1. 09 million Yuan/hm2 . Based on the compensation standard results, we study the inter provincial transregional fiscal transfer payment combined with the partition results of 31 provincial-level administrative units in China and the amount of cultivated land deficit /surplus in each province with method of food security. The results indicate that:11 deficit regions of arable land all over the country need to pay altogether a compensation payment of 75. 75 billion Yuan;among them, Guangdong which has a largest deficit needs to pay up to 15. 85 billion Yuan. 10 surplus regions of arable land could gain a compensation payment of 52. 39 billion Yuan in total;among them, Heilongjiang which has a largest surplus could obtain up to 13. 28 billion Yuan. The remaining 10 balanced regions don’t participate in the financial transfer payment behavior. In addition, by analysing the relationship between transfer payment amount and local government revenue, we find the amount of transfer payment in each deficit area accounts for a lower proportion of local government revenue in this year, about 1. 30% to 12. 26%;All are within the government’s affordable range, which means the transfer payment behavior has a certain practical operability. It is concluded that, the research results can provide a basis for how to balance regional development in China, and ensure national food security.