CAJ | 학술논문

在大田环境下,以辽粳294、开粳1号为材料,在灌浆期设置5个水分梯度处理,研究了水稻冠层温度日变化特征及其与土壤水分状况、产量生理特性、稻米品质之间的关系.结果表明：1)冠层温度低于气温,但与其显著正相关.梯度水分处理导致冠层温度和冠气温度差逐级升高,即土壤水势降低,冠层温度升高,冠气温度差绝对值增大；2)相同环境条件下,抗旱性弱的品种辽粳294的冠层温度低于抗旱性强的品种开粳1号；3)水分胁迫下水稻冠气温度差与每穗实粒数、千粒重、结实率、产量、整精米率、蛋白质含量、直链淀粉、脂肪酸和食味值呈显著负相关,与秕粒数、垩白度、垩白粒、碎米率呈显著正相关；4)光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率随土壤水势降低而下降,且抗旱性强的品种开粳1号的光合性能较强.相关性分析表明,两个品种冠气温度差与其光合性能显著或极显著负相关；5)开粳1号的气孔密度显著大于辽粳294,而气孔长度和气孔宽度极显著小于辽粳294.综合分析表明,在灌浆期辽粳294和开粳1号在土壤水势为－0．02~－0．03 MP 时,平均冠气温度差分别维持在0.9℃和0．8℃时对产量影响不显著(达到水分临界水平),可作为水稻灌浆期的节水灌溉指标.
재대전배경하,이료갱294、개갱1호위재료,재관장기설치5개수분제도처리,연구료수도관층온도일변화특정급기여토양수분상황、산량생리특성、도미품질지간적관계.결과표명：1)관층온도저우기온,단여기현저정상관.제도수분처리도치관층온도화관기온도차축급승고,즉토양수세강저,관층온도승고,관기온도차절대치증대；2)상동배경조건하,항한성약적품충료갱294적관층온도저우항한성강적품충개갱1호；3)수분협박하수도관기온도차여매수실립수、천립중、결실솔、산량、정정미솔、단백질함량、직련정분、지방산화식미치정현저부상관,여비립수、성백도、성백립、쇄미솔정현저정상관；4)광합속솔、기공도도급증등속솔수토양수세강저이하강,차항한성강적품충개갱1호적광합성능교강.상관성분석표명,량개품충관기온도차여기광합성능현저혹겁현저부상관；5)개갱1호적기공밀도현저대우료갱294,이기공장도화기공관도겁현저소우료갱294.종합분석표명,재관장기료갱294화개갱1호재토양수세위－0．02~－0．03 MP 시,평균관기온도차분별유지재0.9℃화0．8℃시대산량영향불현저(체도수분림계수평),가작위수도관장기적절수관개지표.
A field experiment was conducted to illuminate the daily variation of canopy temperature and its relationship with soil water content,physiological characteristics and grain quality with Liaojing 294 and Kaijing 1 as materials during filling stage at five gradient soil water contents.The results showed that:1 )The canopy temperature,lower than air temperature,was significantly positively correlated with air temperature.The gradient soil water stress led to a gradual increase in the canopy temperature and canopy-air temperature difference.That is to say, the canopy temperature and the absolute value of the canopy-air temperature difference increased as the soil water potential declined.2)Under the same conditions,the canopy temperature of drought susceptive variety Liaojing 294 was lower than that of the drought resistant variety Kaijing 1.3 )The canopy-air temperature difference was significantly negatively correlated with filled grain number per panicle,1000-grain weight,seed-setting rate,grain yield,percentage of head rice,protein content,amylase content,fatty acid content and taste value.But it was significantly positivel correlated with unfilled grain number,chalkiness degree,chalkiness rate and broken rice rate.4)As the soil water potential decreased,the photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate decreased,and photosynthetic performance of the drought resistant Kaijing 1 was better.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant or extremely significant negative correlation between the photosynthetic performance and the canopy-air temperature difference.5)For Kaijing 1,the stomatal density was significantly greater than that of Liaojing 294,and the stomatal length and width were extremely significantly less than Liaojing 294.Comprehensive analysis showed that there was no significant impact on grain yield compare with control with canopy-air temperature differernce of 0.9 ℃ and 0.8 ℃ for Liaojing 294 and Kaijing 1,respectively.The critical water content could be used as a rice water-saving threshold at the filling stage (soil water potential treatment S2 ,-0.02--0.03 MP).