中国水稻科学
中國水稻科學
중국수도과학
Chinese Journal of Rice Science
2015年
5期
511-518
,共8页
郭保卫%胡雅杰%钱海军%曹伟伟%邢志鹏%张洪程%戴其根%霍中洋%许轲%魏海燕
郭保衛%鬍雅傑%錢海軍%曹偉偉%邢誌鵬%張洪程%戴其根%霍中洋%許軻%魏海燕
곽보위%호아걸%전해군%조위위%형지붕%장홍정%대기근%곽중양%허가%위해연
秸秆还田%施氮量%机插稻%产量%群体质量
秸稈還田%施氮量%機插稻%產量%群體質量
갈간환전%시담량%궤삽도%산량%군체질량
straw manuring%nitrogen rate%mechanical transplanted rice%yield%population quality
为探明秸秆还田条件下机插稻适宜施氮量，阐明机插稻产量和高质量群体形成对氮肥响应的特点，在大田秸秆全量还田条件下，以优质食味水稻南粳9108为材料，设置0、135．0、202．5、270．0、337．5、405．0 kg/hm2等6种施氮水平，研究氮肥用量对机插稻产量及其构成和群体质量的影响.结果表明，随着施氮量增加，机插稻产量先增加后减少，以施氮量为270 kg/hm2产量最高.产量提高的主要原因是较高的群体颖花量，在施氮量为270 kg/hm2条件下，机插稻群体颖花量达最大值.机插稻单位面积穗数随着施氮量增加而增加，每穗粒数先增后减，而结实率和千粒重表现为递减趋势.随着氮肥用量增加，机插稻分蘖中期、拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期的茎蘖数、叶面积指数、光合势和干物质积累量均呈递增趋势，而抽穗后干物质积累量、成穗率、有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率和粒叶比呈先增后降的趋势.因此，秸秆还田后适当增加施氮量利于提高机插稻产量，优化群体质量.
為探明秸稈還田條件下機插稻適宜施氮量，闡明機插稻產量和高質量群體形成對氮肥響應的特點，在大田秸稈全量還田條件下，以優質食味水稻南粳9108為材料，設置0、135．0、202．5、270．0、337．5、405．0 kg/hm2等6種施氮水平，研究氮肥用量對機插稻產量及其構成和群體質量的影響.結果錶明，隨著施氮量增加，機插稻產量先增加後減少，以施氮量為270 kg/hm2產量最高.產量提高的主要原因是較高的群體穎花量，在施氮量為270 kg/hm2條件下，機插稻群體穎花量達最大值.機插稻單位麵積穗數隨著施氮量增加而增加，每穗粒數先增後減，而結實率和韆粒重錶現為遞減趨勢.隨著氮肥用量增加，機插稻分蘗中期、拔節期、抽穗期和成熟期的莖蘗數、葉麵積指數、光閤勢和榦物質積纍量均呈遞增趨勢，而抽穗後榦物質積纍量、成穗率、有效葉麵積率、高效葉麵積率和粒葉比呈先增後降的趨勢.因此，秸稈還田後適噹增加施氮量利于提高機插稻產量，優化群體質量.
위탐명갈간환전조건하궤삽도괄의시담량，천명궤삽도산량화고질량군체형성대담비향응적특점，재대전갈간전량환전조건하，이우질식미수도남갱9108위재료，설치0、135．0、202．5、270．0、337．5、405．0 kg/hm2등6충시담수평，연구담비용량대궤삽도산량급기구성화군체질량적영향.결과표명，수착시담량증가，궤삽도산량선증가후감소，이시담량위270 kg/hm2산량최고.산량제고적주요원인시교고적군체영화량，재시담량위270 kg/hm2조건하，궤삽도군체영화량체최대치.궤삽도단위면적수수수착시담량증가이증가，매수립수선증후감，이결실솔화천립중표현위체감추세.수착담비용량증가，궤삽도분얼중기、발절기、추수기화성숙기적경얼수、협면적지수、광합세화간물질적루량균정체증추세，이추수후간물질적루량、성수솔、유효협면적솔、고효협면적솔화립협비정선증후강적추세.인차，갈간환전후괄당증가시담량리우제고궤삽도산량，우화군체질량.
To determine the optimal nitrogen rate for mechanical transplanted rice(MTR)with straw manuring and to clarify the effects of nitrogen rate on grain yield and the formation of high quality population,the good eating quality rice Naning 9108 was field-grown to investigate the yield and yield components and population quality of MTR with straw manuring in 2013 and 2014.Results showed that,yield of MTR increased and then reduced with increasing nitrogen rate.At a nitrogen rate of 270 kg/hm2 ,the grain yield of MTR peaked,which is mainly due to high spikelet number of the population.With increasing nitrogen rate,panicle number of MTR increased,spikelet number per panicle increased and then reduced,filled grain percentage and 1000-grain weight followed a declining tendency.The number of stem and tiller,leaf area index,photosynthetic potential,dry matter accumulation increased with increasing nitrogen rate,but dry matter accumulation after heading,percentage of productive tiller,leaf area rate of productive tillers,leaf area rate of flag leaf to 3rd leaf from top of productive tillers and spikelet per leaf area increased and then reduced.Therefore,optimal nitrogen rate improves grain yield of MTR and optimizes population quality.
