农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
2015年
18期
129-135
,共7页
王成雨%张丽琼%宋贺%李静%程备久
王成雨%張麗瓊%宋賀%李靜%程備久
왕성우%장려경%송하%리정%정비구
光合%作物%水分%夏玉米%宽行垄作%苗期淹水%抗倒性能
光閤%作物%水分%夏玉米%寬行壟作%苗期淹水%抗倒性能
광합%작물%수분%하옥미%관행롱작%묘기엄수%항도성능
photosynthesis%corps%moisture%summer maize%broad-row ridge culture%waterlogging at seedling stage%lodging resistance
为探明苗期淹水夏玉米对不同种植方式的响应规律，在大田条件下，以先玉335为材料，设置传统平作和宽行垄作两种种植方式，分别进行正常水分处理（模拟不淹水年型）和淹水处理（模拟淹水年型），分析了传统平作和宽行垄作两种种植方式对苗期淹水夏玉米光合特性和抗倒性能以及产量的影响。结果表明：淹水年型下，宽行垄作功能叶SPAD值和光合速率恢复至不淹水年型水平与传统平作相比提前了10 d，宽行垄作与传统平作相比在淹水年型下可以快速改善夏玉米功能叶光合能力。淹水年型下，宽行垄作叶面积在淹水后15 d即可恢复至不淹水年型水平，而传统平作至淹水后30 d仍不能恢复至不淹水年型水平，宽行垄作与传统平作相比在淹水年型下提供了更大的绿色光合面积。淹水年型下，传统平作第3节间茎粗、刺穿强度和弯折强度等抗倒指标显著变差，两年平均值比不淹水年型分别降低了20.1%、16.1%和20.0%；宽行垄作第3节间抗倒指标在两种水分年型下差异不显著；同一水分年型下，两种种植方式抗倒性能差异不显著。淹水年型下，宽行垄作空秆率和千粒质量显著低于传统平作，两年平均值分别降低了21.5%和5.7%。传统平作淹水年型下穗粒数显著低于不淹水年型（P<0.05），两年平均值降低了11.3%；宽行垄作在两种水分年型下穗粒数差异不显著，宽行垄作较传统平作可以获得相对稳定的穗粒数。与不淹水年型相比，淹水年型下传统平作和宽行垄作均显著减产（P<0.05），两年减产平均值分别为1349.6和547.3 kg/hm2，但无论淹水与否，宽行垄作产量均不低于传统平作；淹水年型下，传统平作减产率显著高于宽行垄作（P<0.05），两年分别高14.1%和6.8%，宽行垄作稳产性更好。研究结果可以为涝害易发生地区夏玉米高产稳产栽培提供理论依据和技术支持。
為探明苗期淹水夏玉米對不同種植方式的響應規律，在大田條件下，以先玉335為材料，設置傳統平作和寬行壟作兩種種植方式，分彆進行正常水分處理（模擬不淹水年型）和淹水處理（模擬淹水年型），分析瞭傳統平作和寬行壟作兩種種植方式對苗期淹水夏玉米光閤特性和抗倒性能以及產量的影響。結果錶明：淹水年型下，寬行壟作功能葉SPAD值和光閤速率恢複至不淹水年型水平與傳統平作相比提前瞭10 d，寬行壟作與傳統平作相比在淹水年型下可以快速改善夏玉米功能葉光閤能力。淹水年型下，寬行壟作葉麵積在淹水後15 d即可恢複至不淹水年型水平，而傳統平作至淹水後30 d仍不能恢複至不淹水年型水平，寬行壟作與傳統平作相比在淹水年型下提供瞭更大的綠色光閤麵積。淹水年型下，傳統平作第3節間莖粗、刺穿彊度和彎摺彊度等抗倒指標顯著變差，兩年平均值比不淹水年型分彆降低瞭20.1%、16.1%和20.0%；寬行壟作第3節間抗倒指標在兩種水分年型下差異不顯著；同一水分年型下，兩種種植方式抗倒性能差異不顯著。淹水年型下，寬行壟作空稈率和韆粒質量顯著低于傳統平作，兩年平均值分彆降低瞭21.5%和5.7%。傳統平作淹水年型下穗粒數顯著低于不淹水年型（P<0.05），兩年平均值降低瞭11.3%；寬行壟作在兩種水分年型下穗粒數差異不顯著，寬行壟作較傳統平作可以穫得相對穩定的穗粒數。與不淹水年型相比，淹水年型下傳統平作和寬行壟作均顯著減產（P<0.05），兩年減產平均值分彆為1349.6和547.3 kg/hm2，但無論淹水與否，寬行壟作產量均不低于傳統平作；淹水年型下，傳統平作減產率顯著高于寬行壟作（P<0.05），兩年分彆高14.1%和6.8%，寬行壟作穩產性更好。研究結果可以為澇害易髮生地區夏玉米高產穩產栽培提供理論依據和技術支持。
위탐명묘기엄수하옥미대불동충식방식적향응규률，재대전조건하，이선옥335위재료，설치전통평작화관행롱작량충충식방식，분별진행정상수분처리（모의불엄수년형）화엄수처리（모의엄수년형），분석료전통평작화관행롱작량충충식방식대묘기엄수하옥미광합특성화항도성능이급산량적영향。결과표명：엄수년형하，관행롱작공능협SPAD치화광합속솔회복지불엄수년형수평여전통평작상비제전료10 d，관행롱작여전통평작상비재엄수년형하가이쾌속개선하옥미공능협광합능력。엄수년형하，관행롱작협면적재엄수후15 d즉가회복지불엄수년형수평，이전통평작지엄수후30 d잉불능회복지불엄수년형수평，관행롱작여전통평작상비재엄수년형하제공료경대적록색광합면적。엄수년형하，전통평작제3절간경조、자천강도화만절강도등항도지표현저변차，량년평균치비불엄수년형분별강저료20.1%、16.1%화20.0%；관행롱작제3절간항도지표재량충수분년형하차이불현저；동일수분년형하，량충충식방식항도성능차이불현저。엄수년형하，관행롱작공간솔화천립질량현저저우전통평작，량년평균치분별강저료21.5%화5.7%。전통평작엄수년형하수립수현저저우불엄수년형（P<0.05），량년평균치강저료11.3%；관행롱작재량충수분년형하수립수차이불현저，관행롱작교전통평작가이획득상대은정적수립수。여불엄수년형상비，엄수년형하전통평작화관행롱작균현저감산（P<0.05），량년감산평균치분별위1349.6화547.3 kg/hm2，단무론엄수여부，관행롱작산량균불저우전통평작；엄수년형하，전통평작감산솔현저고우관행롱작（P<0.05），량년분별고14.1%화6.8%，관행롱작은산성경호。연구결과가이위로해역발생지구하옥미고산은산재배제공이론의거화기술지지。
To better understand the effects of broad-row ridge culture pattern on photosynthetic characteristics, lodging resistance and yield for summer maize waterlogged at seedlings stage, an experiment was conducted in the Institute of Agriculture Science in Funan County in 2013 and 2014. A summer maize cultivar, Xianyu-335, was selected as material in the field, and 4 treatments were designed including traditional culture without waterlogging (TW0), traditional culture with waterlogging (TW1), broad-row ridge culture without waterlogging (RW0) and broad-row ridge culture with waterlogging (RW1). The results showed that the date of SPAD (soil and plant analyzer development) value and photosynthesis rate of the maize functional leaf recovering to normal level under broad-row ridge culture was 10 days earlier than that under traditional culture in waterlogging year. Therefore, the photosynthetic capacity was more quickly meliorated under broad-row ridge culture than that under traditional culture when a flood occurred. The leaf area of maize recovered to normal level 15 days after waterlogging under broad-row ridge culture in waterlogging year, but couldn’t recover to normal level even 30 days after waterlogging under traditional culture. Thus, a larger green photosynthetic leaf area was provided under broad-row ridge culture than under traditional culture when in waterlogging year. The lodging resistance indicators in the third internode of maize such as stem diameter, stalk rind penetration strength and bending property in waterlogging year were worse than those in normal years under traditional culture, with a reduction rate of 20.1%, 16.1% and 20.0%, respectively. There was no significant difference for the lodging resistance capability between the 2 treatments with or without waterlogging under broad-row ridge culture. The lodging resistance capability for the 2 planting patterns had no significant difference under the same water-type years. Collectively, the capability of lodging resistance under broad-row ridge culture was more reliable than that under traditional culture. Sterile plant rate and 1 000 grain weight under broad-row ridge culture were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those under traditional culture in waterlogging year, with a decline of 21.5% and 5.7%, respectively. The number of grains per ear in maize in waterlogging treatment was significantly (P<0.05) less than that in no-waterlogging treatment under traditional culture, with a two-year average reducing rate of 11.3%, but it had no significant difference between the 2 different water-type treatments under broad-row ridge culture. So, more stable number of grains per ear was gained under broad-row ridge culture. The yield in waterlogging year was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that in no-waterlogging year, with a reduction of 1349.6 and 547.3 kg/hm2 respectively for the 2 planting patterns, but the yield under broad-row ridge culture was not lower than that under traditional culture whether waterlogging or not. Therefore, a more stable yield was obtained under broad-row ridge culture in the areas liable to waterlogging. The research provides the reference for the high and stable yield theory and technology of summer maize in the areas liable to waterlogging.
