CAJ | 학술논문

针对龟裂碱地土质坚硬、渗透性差和改良利用难等问题，该文研究水盐调控措施对宁夏龟裂碱土改良效果及种植油葵的产量影响。在统一施用脱硫石膏28 t/hm2、糠醛渣22.5 t/hm2和淋洗定额4500 m3/hm2的基础上，通过3 a的田间对比试验，研究了添加黄沙、深松、土槽、黄沙+深松、黄沙+土槽、深松+土槽和黄沙+深松+土槽7个不同处理对龟裂碱土的土壤理化性能及种植油葵生长的影响，并与不添加脱硫石膏和糠醛渣只采取淋洗措施（淋洗定额4500 m3/hm2，CK）的改良效果进行比较。试验结果表明：在黄沙+深松+土槽的条件下，第1年土壤0～40 cm的pH值、电导率及碱化度比CK pH值、电导率和碱化度分别下降了22%、95%和71%，第3年分别下降了36.6%、98.2%和88.7%；0～40 cm土层的渗透率、pH值、电导率和碱化度降低程度：黄沙+深松+土槽>深松+土槽>黄沙+深松>深松>黄沙+土槽>土槽>黄沙，各处理与CK相比效果显著（P<0.01）。黄沙+深松+土槽处理的油葵产量比深松+土槽、黄沙+深松、黄沙+土槽、深松、土槽和黄沙处理分别增加16%、19%、15%、28%、20%和21%。综上，黄沙+深松+土槽措施可显著改良龟裂碱土，为龟裂碱地荒地开发利用水盐调控提供高效的技术支撑和可持续发展具有指导意义。
침대구렬감지토질견경、삼투성차화개량이용난등문제，해문연구수염조공조시대저하구렬감토개량효과급충식유규적산량영향。재통일시용탈류석고28 t/hm2、강철사22.5 t/hm2화림세정액4500 m3/hm2적기출상，통과3 a적전간대비시험，연구료첨가황사、심송、토조、황사+심송、황사+토조、심송+토조화황사+심송+토조7개불동처리대구렬감토적토양이화성능급충식유규생장적영향，병여불첨가탈류석고화강철사지채취림세조시（림세정액4500 m3/hm2，CK）적개량효과진행비교。시험결과표명：재황사+심송+토조적조건하，제1년토양0～40 cm적pH치、전도솔급감화도비CK pH치、전도솔화감화도분별하강료22%、95%화71%，제3년분별하강료36.6%、98.2%화88.7%；0～40 cm토층적삼투솔、pH치、전도솔화감화도강저정도：황사+심송+토조>심송+토조>황사+심송>심송>황사+토조>토조>황사，각처리여CK상비효과현저（P<0.01）。황사+심송+토조처리적유규산량비심송+토조、황사+심송、황사+토조、심송、토조화황사처리분별증가16%、19%、15%、28%、20%화21%。종상，황사+심송+토조조시가현저개량구렬감토，위구렬감지황지개발이용수염조공제공고효적기술지탱화가지속발전구유지도의의。
Takyric solonetz, a typical subclass of alkali soil, is widely distributed in the north of Yinchuan Plain of Ningxia Province, the west of Hetao Plain and the desert steppe in north Xinjiang in China. Due to the hard soil texture, poor permeability and difficult improvement, takyric solonetz has become the main factor severely affecting the development of local agriculture, and is expected to bring threat to the regional food security in the future. More and more improvement techniques have been developed to achieve a sustainable utilization of saline-alkali waste land, but the effect of the treatment of leaching + gypsum + furfural residue + desert sand + deep scarification + soil bin on soil properties and yield of oil sunflower on newly reclaimed takyric solonetz land remains unknown. In the present study, we conducted a three-year field comparative experiment to investigate the effect of different salt-water regulation modes on soil properties and yield of oil sunflowers, which were planted on newly reclaimed takyric solonetz land on the Qianjin Farmland of Xidatan, Ningxia (106°24′209″ E, 38°50′289″ N). On the basis of the unified application of desulfurization gypsum of 28 t3/hm2, furfural residue of 22.5 t3/hm2 and leaching water of 4 500 m3/hm2, 7 salt-water regulation measures were applied: desert sand (T1), deep scarification (T2), soil bin (T3), desert sand + deep scarification (T4), desert sand +soil bin (T5), deep scarification + soil bin (T6), and desert sand + deep scarification + soil bin (T7). A flat field only with leaching (4 500 m3/hm2) was used as control (CK). Soil permeability, pH value, electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium saturation percentage (ESP), salt ions and growth of oil sunflower were monitored during the whole growth season. Results indicated the pH value, EC, ESP and salt ions in 0-40 cm soil layer significantly decreased (P<0.01) under T7 compared with those under CK, and the pH value, EC and ESP decreased by 22%, 95% and 71% respectively. Furthermore, the values of pH, EC and ESP were lower in the third year than those in the first year, which dropped to 7.25, 0.087 ms/cm and 5.2% respectively. By comparing the values of pH, EC and ESP between the 7 treatments in 0-40 cm, our results indicated that these values were the highest under T7, followed orderly by T6, T4, T2, T5, T3 and T1, and T1 showed the lowest values. In addition, T7 increased the emergence rate and the yield of oil sunflower by 6% and 16%, 8% and 19%, 3% and 15%, 21% and 28%, 16% and 20%, and 19% and 21% respectively compared to T6, T4, T5, T2, T3 and T1. We thus conclude that the regulation mode of desert sand + deep scarification + soil bin is able to improve the newly reclaimed takyric solonetz land most effectively. These results will also provide a technical support for the salt-water management of the newly reclaimed takyric solonetz farmlands, and a guide for the sustainable development and utilization of waste takyric solonetz land.