CAJ | 학술논문

胸径和树高测量是评价立地质量和林木生长状况的重要依据，该文以图像自动识别原理、摄影测量原理、相似三角形几何原理和三角函数原理为理论基础，研制了可测量胸径和树高的多功能便携式微型超站仪，该设备集成电荷藕合器件图像传感器、倾角传感器、激光测距传感器、中央处理器、存储器、液晶显示屏，测量时可获取测站点到待测点的倾角和距离2个参数值，并记录存储测量时的图像信息，通过仪器的嵌入式操作程序，实现胸径的自动测量、树高测量、任意处直径自动测量、基本测量等4项基本功能。通过试验验证，215株立木的单次胸径测量的平均绝对误差为0.369 cm，平均相对误差为2.08%。101株立木的单次树高测量的平均相对误差为1.44%。胸径测量精度达到97.92%，树高测量精度达到98.56%，符合国家森林资源连续清查中的测量精度要求。该设备为森林资源调查提供了参考。
흉경화수고측량시평개입지질량화림목생장상황적중요의거，해문이도상자동식별원리、섭영측량원리、상사삼각형궤하원리화삼각함수원리위이론기출，연제료가측량흉경화수고적다공능편휴식미형초참의，해설비집성전하우합기건도상전감기、경각전감기、격광측거전감기、중앙처리기、존저기、액정현시병，측량시가획취측참점도대측점적경각화거리2개삼수치，병기록존저측량시적도상신식，통과의기적감입식조작정서，실현흉경적자동측량、수고측량、임의처직경자동측량、기본측량등4항기본공능。통과시험험증，215주립목적단차흉경측량적평균절대오차위0.369 cm，평균상대오차위2.08%。101주립목적단차수고측량적평균상대오차위1.44%。흉경측량정도체도97.92%，수고측량정도체도98.56%，부합국가삼림자원련속청사중적측량정도요구。해설비위삼림자원조사제공료삼고。
Diameter at breast height and tree height are the foundations of evaluating site quality and tree’s growing situation. A portable mini multifunctional smart station has been developed based on the image automatic recognition theory, the photogrammetry theory, the similar triangles theory and the triangular function theory, which can measure the diameter at breast height and tree height. Simultaneously, this device integrates charge coupled device (CCD) image sensor with inclinometer, central processing unit, memory, liquid crystal screen, power supply and laser ranging sensor. After assembling the components, the station can be used to automatically measure the diameter and tree height accurately. It can be used to observe the plot after being mounted on the holder. During the measuring process, light spot needs to be aimed at the position of the diameter at breast height that is to be measured. The CCD sensor can automatically transform the light into electric charge signal and then into digital signal by the inner analog digital converter (ADC). After the hue correction and white balance processing by the digital signal processor, the digital signal is finally transformed into the visual image on the screen. When measuring, it can acquire 2 values, namely the inclination and the distance from the measuring point to the point needing measuring. Moreover, it can record and save the image information measured. The measurements of forest stand mean height, volume of wood and tree number density can be realized on the above basis. This device realizes the automatic measurement of the diameter at breast height, tree height and diameter at any part, and the basic measurement, a total of 4 functions through its imbedded running program. The distance measuring range for this device is between 0.05 and 120 m, and its effective reflection distance is between 0.05 and 100 m. The minimum display value is 0.001 m and its measuring precision is ±1.5 mm. The measuring range of the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) inclination sensor is between -90° and +90° and its effective measurement range is between -75° and +75°. The measuring precision for the inclination is 0.1°. The diameter at breast height precision that the CCD calculates and stores is 1 mm. The temperature when this device works is between -10℃and +50℃. The size of this device is 136 mm×52 mm×28 mm. Its length is 136 mm and its width is52 mm. Its height is 28 mm. The continuous measurement time of this device is 5 000 s and its regular work time is 5 h. Testing data show the conditions of the mini smart station and the work mode of measuring the diameter at breast height and tree height. The best measurement distance for the diameter at breast height is between 5 and 20 m based on the analysis of testing data. And the effective measurement range for the tree height is between zero and 52 m. The absolute average error of the diameter at breast height is 0.147 cm, and the relative average error of the diameter at breast height is 1.26% according to 60 tests in the experiment. The average relative error for the tree height is 1.13%. These measurement precisions conform to the requirement on diameter at breast height and tree height measurement of the national forestry continuous investigation.