CAJ | 학술논문

针对马铃薯等作物收获后的残膜所造成的“白色污染”难题，改进现有残膜回收机存在的捡膜能力低、漏膜、膜土分离难、缠膜、卸膜不净等问题，提出了一种链条导轨式地膜回收方案。链条上相邻两排错位排列的捡膜齿与起膜铲合理配置，提高残膜捡拾率；分列结构的地膜托板具有漏土功能，较好实现膜土分离；托板弹簧可实现捡膜齿与托板之间的间隙大小随捡膜输送量的多少而自动调整，有效防止输送过程中的丢膜和堵塞现象，保证残膜输送到集膜箱上方；捡膜齿在环形导轨之间向后上方滑动到卸膜端时逐渐后缩至退出环形导轨而实现膜齿分离，卸膜叶轮与卸膜导轨协调配合完成卸膜作业，有效解决卸膜过程中不易脱膜和缠膜的难题；起膜机构、捡膜机构和卸膜机构固联在固定架上，通过角度调节杆来对固定架的角度进行调节实现松土起膜铲入土角度的要求。设计制作了捡膜、卸膜、集膜于一体的链条导轨式地膜回收机。试验结果表明：机器能够一次完成松土起膜、残膜捡拾输送、卸膜和残膜收集作业，马铃薯收获后的残膜捡拾回收率在92%以上。该设计较好解决了马铃薯地膜机械化回收难题，并为其他作物地膜回收机械设计提供参考。
침대마령서등작물수획후적잔막소조성적“백색오염”난제，개진현유잔막회수궤존재적검막능력저、루막、막토분리난、전막、사막불정등문제，제출료일충련조도궤식지막회수방안。련조상상린량배착위배렬적검막치여기막산합리배치，제고잔막검습솔；분렬결구적지막탁판구유루토공능，교호실현막토분리；탁판탄황가실현검막치여탁판지간적간극대소수검막수송량적다소이자동조정，유효방지수송과정중적주막화도새현상，보증잔막수송도집막상상방；검막치재배형도궤지간향후상방활동도사막단시축점후축지퇴출배형도궤이실현막치분리，사막협륜여사막도궤협조배합완성사막작업，유효해결사막과정중불역탈막화전막적난제；기막궤구、검막궤구화사막궤구고련재고정가상，통과각도조절간래대고정가적각도진행조절실현송토기막산입토각도적요구。설계제작료검막、사막、집막우일체적련조도궤식지막회수궤。시험결과표명：궤기능구일차완성송토기막、잔막검습수송、사막화잔막수집작업，마령서수획후적잔막검습회수솔재92%이상。해설계교호해결료마령서지막궤계화회수난제，병위기타작물지막회수궤계설계제공삼고。
With the development of plastic film mulching cultivation technology, crop output increases substantially and crops are suitable for more areas. Consequently, a change of agricultural production mode and a leap of agricultural productivity occurred thereafter. However, with the application scope of the film expanding quickly, its side effects also emerges. Because of the “white pollution” caused by the remnant plastic film after potato etc. crops harvest, it is very important to solve the problem of low gathering film efficiency, leaking film, separating soil and film ,wrapping film, unloading film of the existing plastic film collector. In order to counter the problems mentioned above, and combine with agronomic requirements of potato, a new project of chain guide rail-type plastic film collection is designed in this paper. Loosening soil shovels and picking-up film teeth which are next to each other in a chain, cooperate together to improve the rate of gathering film. The pallet of mulching film is in row structure, which will be able to leak soil, and further boost the efficiency to separate soil and film. While operating correctly, shovels loose soil and picking-up film teeth penetrate plastic film to pick them up. Plastic film is transported through the gap between picking-up film tooth and pallet, and then scraped by unloading impeller to collecting tank. Pallet springs will realize the space of picking-up film tooth and Pallet adapt to the quantity of gathering film. Thus, the film will not be left over, lost and blocked. Also it is ensured the entire remnant mulching film is gathered and delivered to the top of collecting film box. Unloading impeller and guide rail cooperate with each other to unload, so that wrapping film becomes much easier. Picking-up film tooth is able to slide over backwards to the side of film-unloading between the circular rail, and retreat from the circular rail, in order to separate of the picking-up film teeth and the plastic film. Picking-up film agencies,gathering film agencies, unloading film agencies are installed together in bracket fixing. They can adjust the fixing bracket through the angle adjustment lever, change the angle of loosening soil shovel to adapt the requirement. This paper designs and invents a chain guide rail-type plastic film collector which includes the function of picking-up film, gathering film, uploading film and collecting film. Each component of the chain-type plastic film collector is modeled and the virtual assembly is finished by Pro/ENGINEER. At the same time, FEM analysis is carried out to study the stress and deformation of the structure of the key components. The experimental results show that: this machine named the chain guide rail-type plastic film collector can achieve the goal of picking-up film, gathering film, uploading film and collecting film all in one. Under the help of this machine, the gathering film rate is over 92% after the potatoes are harvested. The design solves the difficulty of mechanization in collecting the plastic potato film. Results show that the designed machine is able to pick up plastic film successfully after harvesting potatoes. And it can be applied to other crops as well. Therefore, this paper has both economic and social benefit.