CAJ | 학술논문

针对目前甘蔗种植机切种伤芽率高的难题，该文设计了一种基于感应计数的甘蔗种切割防伤芽系统。在甘蔗种输送过程中，该系统利用自行设计的电阻式感应计数装置将相对于甘蔗茎秆凸起的甘蔗种芽信号转换为可识别的电信号后，利用单片机对其执行种芽计数操作；根据农艺要求及其计数结果，进而控制甘蔗种切断刀切断甘蔗种。为优化该系统性能，以保证蔗种和种芽的完好性为前提，对系统的切割过程进行受力及防伤芽分析，进而确定感应计数装置与切刀的最佳安装距离，以确保计数达到要求后切刀完全避开种芽，从而实现蔗种切割防伤芽功能。试验表明：该系统对种芽的计数准确率达98.87%，平均伤芽率为1.57%，较无防伤芽系统的2Cz-2甘蔗种植机的伤芽率低6.3%，系统的防伤芽性能显著，满足设计要求。该研究为甘蔗种植机械的设计提供了参考。
침대목전감자충식궤절충상아솔고적난제，해문설계료일충기우감응계수적감자충절할방상아계통。재감자충수송과정중，해계통이용자행설계적전조식감응계수장치장상대우감자경간철기적감자충아신호전환위가식별적전신호후，이용단편궤대기집행충아계수조작；근거농예요구급기계수결과，진이공제감자충절단도절단감자충。위우화해계통성능，이보증자충화충아적완호성위전제，대계통적절할과정진행수력급방상아분석，진이학정감응계수장치여절도적최가안장거리，이학보계수체도요구후절도완전피개충아，종이실현자충절할방상아공능。시험표명：해계통대충아적계수준학솔체98.87%，평균상아솔위1.57%，교무방상아계통적2Cz-2감자충식궤적상아솔저6.3%，계통적방상아성능현저，만족설계요구。해연구위감자충식궤계적설계제공료삼고。
At present, all of the sugarcane planting machines are not equipped with buds-injury-preventionmechanism and all of the machines have the problem of high injury rates of buds. In order to solve this problem, a buds-injury-prevention system based on induction-counting in sugarcane-seeds cutting was designed, which not only could detect and count the buds that were located at the sugarcanes with different diameters to make the planter meet the planting requirements, but also could ensure the integrity of buds to improve the yield of sugarcane. In this system, we had designed a resistive induction-counting mechanism which was used to convert the signal of protuberant sugarcane buds into electrical signal in the process of conveying the sugarcane seed. The electrical signal would be input into the voltage comparator to compare with the reference voltage after it was amplified by amplifying circuit. According to the result of comparison, the comparator would output a signal of high level or low level which would be input into MCU (micro control unit) to implement the counting operation of buds. Every sugarcane seed should contain 2 buds according to the agronomic requirements. When the count reached 2, the MCU would send out a control signal to trigger the relay to force the hydraulic pump to supply the hydraulic cylinder with oil by controlling the electromagnetic valve. For the cylinder was fixed, the piston would move down to push the cutter to cut off two-bud sugarcane-seed, and then the function of buds-injury-prevention could be achieved. When the cutting was completed, the piston would force the cutter to return quickly. Meanwhile, the MCU would reset the counter, and the system would get into the next circle of counting and cutting automatically. In order to optimize the performance of the system, the integrity of sugarcane seeds and buds should be the prerequisite. Having a force analysis and a buds-injury-prevention analysis on the cutting process of the system, the optimal installation distance between induction-counting mechanism and cutter could be determined, which could make sure that the cutter had completely avoided the buds when the counting was meeting the requirement. Then the buds-injury-prevention function during the cutting could be achieved. In order to verify the buds-counting and buds-injury-prevention performance of this system, the physical prototype of the system was manufactured. When conducting the test, the reference voltage should be set reasonably. Through a lot of experiments, the system could achieve high precision when the reference voltage was 2.9 V. In addition,to illustrate whether the buds-injury-prevention performance of the system is good or bad, a set of comparative tests needed to be designed. And the comparative test machine was 2CZ-2 multi-functional sugarcane planter from Nanning Wuling Guihua Vehicle Company, which was not installed with buds-injury-prevention system. The test results showed that the accuracy rate of buds counting of the system was 98.87%, while the average rate of the injury buds was 1.57% that was 6.3% lower than the 2Cz-2 sugarcane planter, which showed that the system’s buds-injury-prevention performance was remarkable. The results can meet the design requirements and the research can provide a reference for the design of sugarcane planting machinery.