CAJ | 학술논문

在先离散后脱粒工艺基础上，为探究玉米果穗的低损伤离散，该文利用玉米离散试验系统对鸡喙啄取玉米籽粒的过程进行试验研究。结果表明，鸡喙接触玉米籽粒后，籽粒离鸡喙越近，推力的水平分力越大，籽粒运动越明显，越容易从果穗上分离下来，籽粒离鸡喙越远，推力的水平分力越小，籽粒越难与果穗分离；离散过程中，籽粒遵循“组砌规律”进行力的传递，传递的范围近似为“塔形”，脱离果穗的籽粒的运动类似于斜抛运动；玉米果穗在果穗切线方向上的受力最大，其次是玉米果穗轴线方向上的受力，垂直于试验台方向上的受力最小；验证试验结果：玉米果穗的平均离散率为67.53%，平均离散损伤率为0.16%，表明模仿鸡喙的离散辊对玉米果穗有较好的离散效果，且损伤率低。该研究对低损伤玉米脱粒系统的设计提供了仿生学思路。
재선리산후탈립공예기출상，위탐구옥미과수적저손상리산，해문이용옥미리산시험계통대계훼탁취옥미자립적과정진행시험연구。결과표명，계훼접촉옥미자립후，자립리계훼월근，추력적수평분력월대，자립운동월명현，월용역종과수상분리하래，자립리계훼월원，추력적수평분력월소，자립월난여과수분리；리산과정중，자립준순“조체규률”진행력적전체，전체적범위근사위“탑형”，탈리과수적자립적운동유사우사포운동；옥미과수재과수절선방향상적수력최대，기차시옥미과수축선방향상적수력，수직우시험태방향상적수력최소；험증시험결과：옥미과수적평균리산솔위67.53%，평균리산손상솔위0.16%，표명모방계훼적리산곤대옥미과수유교호적리산효과，차손상솔저。해연구대저손상옥미탈립계통적설계제공료방생학사로。
In China, corn harvest gradually tends to mechanization, and corn threshing is the most important section in the process of corn harvest, which is directly affecting the damage level of corn seed. Manual threshing often chips away a row of corn ear with an awl firstly, and then it’s easy to thresh other kernels. Based on this, some agricultural experts put forward a process of “pre-dispersion and post-threshing”. Besides, the study found that after the long-term evolution, beak has not only excellent ability to insert into corn kernels, but also strong ability of dispersing kernels with low damage. To explore the movement law of corn ear kernels and low damage in the discrete process of corn ear, this paper had an experimental study on the beak to peck the corn kernel using the discrete test system with high-speed photography. The variety of experimental corn was Zhengdan 958 and the common domestic chicken was selected for testing. Self-made corn discrete test system was used in this experiment. The whole system consisted of mechanical data acquisition system and high-speed photography system. Due to the randomness of chicken pecking corn, firstly, the high-speed camera was fixed to the bracket, and then the best angle was selected to shoot at the beginning of discrete process. The shooting in the test was mainly from the ahead, the side and the back side of the test equipment with the shooting angle of 45°. The sensors were installed on the fixture to measure the forces in 3 directions respectively. Through observing the photos, we found that the closer the kernel was from beak, the larger the horizontal component of thrust was, the more obvious the movement was, and the easier kernel was to disperse from ear; on the contrary, the further the kernel was from beak, the smaller the horizontal component of thrust was, and the more difficult kernel was to disperse from ear. The kernels followed the “arrangement law” to deliver forces, whose range was approximate to a “tower”, and the movement of kernel separated from corn ear was similar to oblique throwing movement. According to the data measured, the maximum force on the corn ear was inx direction, second iny direction, and the force inz direction was the minimum. The resultant force ofx andy direction had a great influence on the number of the kernels separated from the corn ear. The results of verification test were that the average discrete rate was 67.53% and the damage rate was 0.16%, which showed that the beak had a significant effect on dispersing corn ear, and the damage rate was low. The study will provide a bionic thought on designing corn threshing system with low damage.