CAJ | 학술논문

设施番茄根层氮素管理可以有效减少氮肥的用量及避免硝酸盐污染，但是在设施番茄生产中减少氮肥用量对土壤微生物，尤其对优势菌群有何影响目前还知之甚少。本文以6年定位试验中不同氮肥用量及秸秆处理的设施番茄连作土壤为研究对象，研究不同氮肥用量及秸秆处理对土壤细菌和两种主要细菌（假单胞菌及芽孢杆菌）以及对土壤微生物群落结构的影响。设置如下处理：对照（10 t ha-1鸡粪作为底肥）、传统高氮处理（600 kg N ha-1）、传统高氮+小麦秸秆处理、减氮处理（300 kg N ha-1）及减氮处理+小麦秸秆处理。研究结果表明，6年减氮处理并未导致番茄减产；与对照相比，化学氮肥及秸秆的施用均显著增加了土壤细菌、芽孢杆菌及假单胞菌的数量，但不同氮肥用量之间对土壤细菌、芽孢杆菌及假单胞菌数量的影响无显著性差异。DGGE图谱表明氮肥用量及秸秆添加导致土壤微生物群落结构的改变，但不同氮肥用量对土壤细菌多样性的影响不显著。本研究结果表明减少一半氮肥用量既不会导致减产，也不会对土壤微生态环境产生不利影响，因此，在该试验条件下减少氮肥用量是可行并且有益于农业可持续发展的举措。
설시번가근층담소관리가이유효감소담비적용량급피면초산염오염，단시재설시번가생산중감소담비용량대토양미생물，우기대우세균군유하영향목전환지지심소。본문이6년정위시험중불동담비용량급갈간처리적설시번가련작토양위연구대상，연구불동담비용량급갈간처리대토양세균화량충주요세균（가단포균급아포간균）이급대토양미생물군락결구적영향。설치여하처리：대조（10 t ha-1계분작위저비）、전통고담처리（600 kg N ha-1）、전통고담+소맥갈간처리、감담처리（300 kg N ha-1）급감담처리+소맥갈간처리。연구결과표명，6년감담처리병미도치번가감산；여대조상비，화학담비급갈간적시용균현저증가료토양세균、아포간균급가단포균적수량，단불동담비용량지간대토양세균、아포간균급가단포균수량적영향무현저성차이。DGGE도보표명담비용량급갈간첨가도치토양미생물군락결구적개변，단불동담비용량대토양세균다양성적영향불현저。본연구결과표명감소일반담비용량기불회도치감산，야불회대토양미생태배경산생불리영향，인차，재해시험조건하감소담비용량시가행병차유익우농업가지속발전적거조。
Root zone N management can reduce N fertilizer input and avoid nitrate pollution in greenhouse tomato production; however, little information is available on how reduced N affects soil microbes, especially dominant bacteria populations in long-term continuous greenhouse systems. This study investigated the effects of different combinations of N and straw on the population size of soil total bacteria and two dominant bacteria (Pseudomonas spp. andBacilusspp.), and microbial community structure in a 6-year greenhouse tomato trial. The treatments were basal fertilizer (10 t ha-1 chicken manure; control), conventional high N treatment [600 kg N ha-1], conventional high N treatment with wheat straw, reduced N treatment [300 kg N ha-1 less than conventional], and reduced N treatment with wheat straw. Six years of reduced mineral N fertilization did not lead to a decrease in fruit yield. Both mineral N fertilizer and straw increased the numbers of soil bacteria (Bacilus spp. andPseudomonas spp.) compared with the control, but the numbers were not affected by the amount of mineral N fertilizer (highvs reduced). Different denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis patterns were evidence that soil bacterial communities were changed by N treatments and straw application, but little difference in bacterial diversity was detected between high N and reduced N treatments. These results indicated that a reduction in N fertilizer input was possible in greenhouse tomato production and was beneifcial in sustainable agriculture.