CAJ | 학술논문

分别将B1（北京华瑞祥科技有限公司高吸水树脂保水剂）、B2（广东东莞市安信保水有限公司农林保水剂）、B3（唐山博亚科技工业开发有限责任公司的高能抗旱保水剂）3种保水剂以不同用量（0．05％、0．10％和0．50％）施入无团聚体孔隙的风沙土中，测定各处理土壤在不同吸力时的含水量，并用V－G模型拟合各土壤水分特性曲线，获得各处理土壤的水分特性曲线参数和主要水分常数等结果，以期揭示使用保水剂在改善土壤持水性方面的作用特征和机理。结果表明：①使用保水剂后，除土壤无效水部分无显著变化外，各处理土壤饱和含水量、田间持水量、重力水和有效水部分均显著增加，保水剂用量为0．50％时处理土壤的田间持水量比对照高3～4．7倍，使用保水剂显著改善了土壤中、低水吸力段的持水容量，即土壤的“孔隙”持水部分。②各处理土壤的水分特征曲线右移，各吸力段的持水容量明显增加，n值均小于对照，表明使用保水剂显著增大了在失水过程中土壤的持水能力。③使用保水剂后，各处理土壤增加的吸水量主要来源于重力水和有效水，保水剂用量为0．05％时，各处理土壤重力水所占比重高于60％，随着保水剂用量增加，重力水所占比重下降，有效水分所占比重提高，表明保水剂对土壤持水特性的作用机理主要体现为增加了土壤的“毛管孔隙”持水比例，即在低使用量时显著改善土壤重力水部分，随着保水剂使用量的增加则显著增加土壤有效水部分。④综合比较保水剂类型和对土壤持水能力的改善作用，B3型保水剂在使用量为0．5％时的改善效果最好。由此得出，化学保水剂尽管是一种具有很强分子吸水能力的基质，却在土壤中能够极大地改变土壤“孔隙”持水性，增加土壤有效水贮量，应当受到应有的重视和广泛使用。分彆將B1（北京華瑞祥科技有限公司高吸水樹脂保水劑）、B2（廣東東莞市安信保水有限公司農林保水劑）、B3（唐山博亞科技工業開髮有限責任公司的高能抗旱保水劑）3種保水劑以不同用量（0．05％、0．10％和0．50％）施入無糰聚體孔隙的風沙土中，測定各處理土壤在不同吸力時的含水量，併用V－G模型擬閤各土壤水分特性麯線，穫得各處理土壤的水分特性麯線參數和主要水分常數等結果，以期揭示使用保水劑在改善土壤持水性方麵的作用特徵和機理。結果錶明：①使用保水劑後，除土壤無效水部分無顯著變化外，各處理土壤飽和含水量、田間持水量、重力水和有效水部分均顯著增加，保水劑用量為0．50％時處理土壤的田間持水量比對照高3～4．7倍，使用保水劑顯著改善瞭土壤中、低水吸力段的持水容量，即土壤的“孔隙”持水部分。②各處理土壤的水分特徵麯線右移，各吸力段的持水容量明顯增加，n值均小于對照，錶明使用保水劑顯著增大瞭在失水過程中土壤的持水能力。③使用保水劑後，各處理土壤增加的吸水量主要來源于重力水和有效水，保水劑用量為0．05％時，各處理土壤重力水所佔比重高于60％，隨著保水劑用量增加，重力水所佔比重下降，有效水分所佔比重提高，錶明保水劑對土壤持水特性的作用機理主要體現為增加瞭土壤的“毛管孔隙”持水比例，即在低使用量時顯著改善土壤重力水部分，隨著保水劑使用量的增加則顯著增加土壤有效水部分。④綜閤比較保水劑類型和對土壤持水能力的改善作用，B3型保水劑在使用量為0．5％時的改善效果最好。由此得齣，化學保水劑儘管是一種具有很彊分子吸水能力的基質，卻在土壤中能夠極大地改變土壤“孔隙”持水性，增加土壤有效水貯量，應噹受到應有的重視和廣汎使用。
분별장B1（북경화서상과기유한공사고흡수수지보수제）、B2（엄동동완시안신보수유한공사농림보수제）、B3（당산박아과기공업개발유한책임공사적고능항한보수제）3충보수제이불동용량（0．05％、0．10％화0．50％）시입무단취체공극적풍사토중，측정각처리토양재불동흡력시적함수량，병용V－G모형의합각토양수분특성곡선，획득각처리토양적수분특성곡선삼수화주요수분상수등결과，이기게시사용보수제재개선토양지수성방면적작용특정화궤리。결과표명：①사용보수제후，제토양무효수부분무현저변화외，각처리토양포화함수량、전간지수량、중력수화유효수부분균현저증가，보수제용량위0．50％시처리토양적전간지수량비대조고3～4．7배，사용보수제현저개선료토양중、저수흡력단적지수용량，즉토양적“공극”지수부분。②각처리토양적수분특정곡선우이，각흡력단적지수용량명현증가，n치균소우대조，표명사용보수제현저증대료재실수과정중토양적지수능력。③사용보수제후，각처리토양증가적흡수량주요래원우중력수화유효수，보수제용량위0．05％시，각처리토양중력수소점비중고우60％，수착보수제용량증가，중력수소점비중하강，유효수분소점비중제고，표명보수제대토양지수특성적작용궤리주요체현위증가료토양적“모관공극”지수비례，즉재저사용량시현저개선토양중력수부분，수착보수제사용량적증가칙현저증가토양유효수부분。④종합비교보수제류형화대토양지수능력적개선작용，B3형보수제재사용량위0．5％시적개선효과최호。유차득출，화학보수제진관시일충구유흔강분자흡수능력적기질，각재토양중능구겁대지개변토양“공극”지수성，증가토양유효수저량，응당수도응유적중시화엄범사용。
In order to explore the function and mechanism by using the super absorbent polymer to improve soil wa-ter-holding characteristic , put three types of super absorbent polymers with different dosages (0 .05% , 0 .10% and 0 .50% ) into sand soil without aggregate pore ,to measure the soil moisture content of each treatment under different suc-tions ,successfully fitted soil water characteristic curve by V-G model ,and acquired the results of the soil water charac-teristic curve parameter and main water constants for each treatment .The results indicate that:(1 ) After using the super absorbent polymer ,except the soil unavailable water had no significant change ,the saturated soil water content ,field ca-pacity ,gravity water and available soil water in all treatments had significantly increased .When we used 0 .50% super absorbent polymer ,the field capacity in this treatment was 3~4 .7 times higher than the control group .Using the super absorbent polymer ,the water-holding capacity in middle and low water suction segment was significantly improved ,that was the soil pore for holding water .(2 ) The soil water characteristic curve for each treatment was moved to the right ,the water-holding capacity in each suction section was increased .The n value was total less than the control group ,which in-dicated that super absorbent polymer can significantly improve the soil water-holding capacity in the dehydration process . (3 ) After using the super absorbent polymer ,the soil added absorbent water mainly derived from gravity water and avail-able water .When we use 0 .05% of the super absorbent polymer ,the proportion of the gravity water in each treatment was high than 60% .With the dosages increasing ,the proportion of the gravity water was decreased and the available wa-ter was increased .It indicated that mechanism of super absorbent polymer to the soil water-holding characteristic was mainly embodied the increase of the proportion of water held by capillary pore .When use low dosage ,the soil gravity wa-ter can be significantly improved ,but with the increase of the dosage ,the soil available water was significantly improved . (4 ) Comprehensively compared the improving effect of the super absorbent polymer type ,the B3 with 0 .50% dosage was the best improvement effect .From this ,even though the super absorbent polymer was a kind of substrate with strong abil-ity of moisture-absorbing by molecule ,it can be greatly changed the water-holding capacity by soil pore and increase available soil water capacity .So it should be given great attention and widely used .