CAJ | 학술논문

为探讨半干旱区旱地不同覆盖方式对豌豆耗水特征、产量以及土壤含水量的影响，连续2年测定并研究了全膜覆土穴播（PMS ）、全膜覆盖穴播（PM ）和露地穴播（CK ）3种不同处理的豌豆发育动态、0～200 cm土壤水分季节变化、豌豆地上生物量动态、产量和耗水量。结果表明：PMS处理使豌豆营养生长期缩短，生殖生长期延长，并延长全生育期天数，PMS处理的豌豆生育期在2011、2012年分别较CK延长了12 d和7 d ，较PM分别延长了17 d和13 d；地膜覆盖使豌豆全生育期0～200 cm土层的土壤含水量增加，但3种处理全生育期的耗水量无显著差异；在开花前，PM的地上生物量最大，其次为PMS ，CK最小，在收获期，PMS的生物量和籽粒产量均显著高于PM ；PM和PMS的产量较CK分别在2011、2012年提高了50．8％和27．2％、70．3％和30．3％，与PM处理相比，PMS的豌豆产量在2011、2012年提高了12．9％、5．6％，但2个处理的土壤耗水量在2年均无显著差异。尤其重要的是，地膜覆盖种植2年豌豆后，PM和PMS的土壤贮水量较CK提高了89．3 mm和95．7 mm。因此，通过覆盖降低棵间蒸发是提高旱地豌豆产量和水分利用效率（WUE ）的主要途径。
위탐토반간한구한지불동복개방식대완두모수특정、산량이급토양함수량적영향，련속2년측정병연구료전막복토혈파（PMS ）、전막복개혈파（PM ）화로지혈파（CK ）3충불동처리적완두발육동태、0～200 cm토양수분계절변화、완두지상생물량동태、산량화모수량。결과표명：PMS처리사완두영양생장기축단，생식생장기연장，병연장전생육기천수，PMS처리적완두생육기재2011、2012년분별교CK연장료12 d화7 d ，교PM분별연장료17 d화13 d；지막복개사완두전생육기0～200 cm토층적토양함수량증가，단3충처리전생육기적모수량무현저차이；재개화전，PM적지상생물량최대，기차위PMS ，CK최소，재수획기，PMS적생물량화자립산량균현저고우PM ；PM화PMS적산량교CK분별재2011、2012년제고료50．8％화27．2％、70．3％화30．3％，여PM처리상비，PMS적완두산량재2011、2012년제고료12．9％、5．6％，단2개처리적토양모수량재2년균무현저차이。우기중요적시，지막복개충식2년완두후，PM화PMS적토양저수량교CK제고료89．3 mm화95．7 mm。인차，통과복개강저과간증발시제고한지완두산량화수분이용효솔（WUE ）적주요도경。
Whole field surface plastic mulching is an efficient way to inhibit evaporation ,and increase crop yield and water use efficiency ,which has been applied widely in wheat and maize cultivation in semiarid on northwest loess plateau .However ,only few theoretical investigations and approaches on yield related with pea cultivation were conduct-ed .To understand the effect of different mulching methods on water consumptive characteristics and yield of pea ,a two-year term field experiment was carried out with three treatments including whole field surface plastic mulching and soil covered on plastic film (PMS ) ,whole field surface plastic mulching (PM ) and uncovered treatment (CK ) .The growth stages ,seasonal change of soil water content in 0~200 cm soil layer ,dynamics of aboveground biomass ,and grain yield and water consumption of pea were measured in this field experiment .The results showed that the plastic mulching short-ened the vegetative growth stage ,elongated reproductive development stage ,caused a prolonged whole growth stage .The growth stage of pea with PMS treatment was elongated by 7~12 days and 13~17 days in 2011 and 2012 ,compared with CK and PM treatment respectively .The soil water content in 0~200 cm layer was increased with PM and PMS treatments before pea flowering and the vegetative growth of pea was also promoted ,compared with the CK .With the growth of pea , there was no significant difference in water consumption between the three treatments .Before pea flowering ,the above-ground biomass with PM treatment was higher than that with PMS treatment ,and was the lowest in CK .However ,the aboveground biomass with PMS treatment was significant higher than that with PM and in CK ,and it was also lowest in CK at the harvest stage .The yield of pea with PM and PMS treatments was increased by 50 .8% and 27 .2% in 2011 , and 70 .3% and 30 .3% in 2012 respectively ,compared with CK .Additionally ,the yield of pea with PMS treatment be-came increased by 12 .9% and 5 .6% in 2011 and 2012 ,respectively ,compared with PM treatment .However ,the soil water consumption was not significantly different between PMS and PM treatments during both experimental years .Espe-cially ,the soil water storage in 0~200 cm layer with PM and PMS treatments was increased by 89 .3 mm and 95 .7 mm respectively after two years pea cultivation with plastic mulch .It was indicated that plastic mulching decreased soil sur-face evaporation ,which was an efficient way to increase pea yield and water use efficiency (WUE) .Selecting appropriate mulching method could regulate pea development and water consumptive process ,which was also important for yield and water use efficiency .Additionally ,pea cultivation with plastic mulch ameliorated soil moisture status ,a very important practice for sustainable development of regional agriculture .